Secrets management for small business buyers
Asked as “secrets management tool”, and as “secrets vault for applications and infrastructure”, on behalf of a small B2B company. 67 first choices recorded across the direct, paraphrase, budget and scale prompts, fourteen models each.
Standing · first-choice share
39%
Contested · Infisical 28%
39Doppler28Infisical12Bitwarden Secrets Manager21others
39% of first choices, contested.
Since September 2026▼−12Since September 2026: 46% → 34%, −12 points. Past the 11-point floor: movement. Read over the models both editions asked.Doppler held the lead, −12 points on 46%, past the floor.
By buyer segment
The same question asked on behalf of a different buyer. Each standing is computed within its segment; they sit side by side and are never added together.
Small business
Doppler39%Contested▼−12Since September 2026: 46% → 34%, −12 points. Past the 11-point floor: movement. Read over the models both editions asked.This pageMid-market
HashiCorp Vault31%Contested↗new leaderNew leader since September 2026: HashiCorp Vault (33%) replaces Doppler (33% then, 29% now), 4 points clear, inside the 11-point floor.Standing →EnterpriseHashiCorp Vault61%Clear leader▼−12Since September 2026: 75% → 63%, −12 points. Past the 11-point floor: movement. Read over the models both editions asked.Standing →
Doppler39%Contested▼−12Since September 2026: 46% → 34%, −12 points. Past the 11-point floor: movement. Read over the models both editions asked.This pageMid-marketHashiCorp Vault31%Contested↗new leaderNew leader since September 2026: HashiCorp Vault (33%) replaces Doppler (33% then, 29% now), 4 points clear, inside the 11-point floor.Standing →EnterpriseHashiCorp Vault61%Clear leader▼−12Since September 2026: 75% → 63%, −12 points. Past the 11-point floor: movement. Read over the models both editions asked.Standing →The standing
Share is the count of first choices across the direct, paraphrase, budget and scale prompts, over all fourteen models, for a small B2B company. Ordered by share.
ProductFirst-choice shareNegative rateLabelsQuadrantSince September 2026
01Doppler39%3%67endorsed leader▼−12Since September 2026: 46% → 34%, −12 points. Past the 11-point floor: movement. Read over the models both editions asked.46% → 34%
Doppler39%3%67endorsed leader▼−12Since September 2026: 46% → 34%, −12 points. Past the 11-point floor: movement. Read over the models both editions asked.46% → 34%02
Infisical28%0%57accepted challenger▲+4Since September 2026: 25% → 29%, +4 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.25% → 29%
Infisical28%0%57accepted challenger▲+4Since September 2026: 25% → 29%, +4 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.25% → 29%03
Bitwarden Secrets Manager12%10%39accepted challenger▲+5Since September 2026: 7% → 12%, +5 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.7% → 12%
Bitwarden Secrets Manager12%10%39accepted challenger▲+5Since September 2026: 7% → 12%, +5 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.7% → 12%04
1Password9%11%47accepted challenger▲+1Since September 2026: 9% → 10%, +1 point. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.9% → 10%
1Password9%11%47accepted challenger▲+1Since September 2026: 9% → 10%, +1 point. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.9% → 10%05
AWS Secrets Manager6%27%56criticized challenger▲+3Since September 2026: 4% → 7%, +3 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.4% → 7%
AWS Secrets Manager6%27%56criticized challenger▲+3Since September 2026: 4% → 7%, +3 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.4% → 7%06HashiCorp Vault6%66%70criticized challenger▲+2Since September 2026: 5% → 7%, +2 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.5% → 7%
HashiCorp Vault6%66%70criticized challenger▲+2Since September 2026: 5% → 7%, +2 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.5% → 7%Show the five products at 0%, ordered by negative rate
11
OpenBao0%36%11criticized challenger=heldSince September 2026: 0% → 0%, ±0 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.0% → 0%
OpenBao0%36%11criticized challenger=heldSince September 2026: 0% → 0%, ±0 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.0% → 0%09SOPS0%23%13accepted challenger=heldSince September 2026: 0% → 0%, ±0 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.0% → 0%
08
Azure Key Vault0%20%30accepted challenger▼−2Since September 2026: 2% → 0%, −2 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.2% → 0%
Azure Key Vault0%20%30accepted challenger▼−2Since September 2026: 2% → 0%, −2 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.2% → 0%10
Akeyless0%18%11accepted challenger=heldSince September 2026: 0% → 0%, ±0 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.0% → 0%
Akeyless0%18%11accepted challenger=heldSince September 2026: 0% → 0%, ±0 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.0% → 0%07
Google Secret Manager Lab in the set0%16%31accepted challenger=heldSince September 2026: 0% → 0%, ±0 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.0% → 0%
Google Secret Manager Lab in the set0%16%31accepted challenger=heldSince September 2026: 0% → 0%, ±0 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.0% → 0%The floor is 11 points of share, measured: how far the models move a leader on their own when the same questions are asked twice with nothing changed. A larger change is movement; a smaller one is noise, and both are shown. Movement is read over the twelve models both editions asked; GPT-6 Luna, Muse Glimmer 30B joined this edition and are in the standing but not yet in the comparison. How the floor is measured
Bars are the share of first choices, 0 to 100Every product with at least 10 labels here. Every product name links to its product page.
Google Secret Manager is made by Google, whose model Gemini 3.5 Flash is in the set. On the four share prompts that model made it the first choice zero times of 4; the other thirteen models zero times of 52. Lab treatment is defined on the method page; the row is marked, not excluded.
Head to head
All twenty-eight head-to-head pages: the top eight products, each against each
HashiCorp Vault vs Azure Key VaultHashiCorp Vault vs Bitwarden Secrets ManagerHashiCorp Vault vs 1PasswordHashiCorp Vault vs SOPSDoppler vs InfisicalDoppler vs AWS Secrets ManagerDoppler vs Azure Key VaultDoppler vs Bitwarden Secrets ManagerDoppler vs 1PasswordDoppler vs SOPSInfisical vs AWS Secrets ManagerInfisical vs Azure Key VaultInfisical vs Bitwarden Secrets ManagerInfisical vs 1PasswordInfisical vs SOPSAWS Secrets Manager vs Azure Key VaultAWS Secrets Manager vs Bitwarden Secrets ManagerAWS Secrets Manager vs 1PasswordAWS Secrets Manager vs SOPSAzure Key Vault vs Bitwarden Secrets ManagerAzure Key Vault vs 1PasswordAzure Key Vault vs SOPSBitwarden Secrets Manager vs 1PasswordBitwarden Secrets Manager vs SOPS1Password vs SOPS
Recommended versus criticized
Every product with at least 10 labels here, on both axes. The 30% line names a quadrant, not the verdict above: that one needs more than 40%.
Criticized challengerCriticized default
Negative label rate →
0102030405060708S09
1011Accepted challengerEndorsed leader
0%First-choice share → · lines at 30% share and 25% negative50%
Key
01Doppler39%
Doppler39%02Infisical28%
Infisical28%03Bitwarden Secrets Manager12%
Bitwarden Secrets Manager12%041Password9%
1Password9%05AWS Secrets Manager6%
AWS Secrets Manager6%06HashiCorp Vault6%
HashiCorp Vault6%07Google Secret Manager0%
Google Secret Manager0%08Azure Key Vault0%
Azure Key Vault0%09SOPS0%
10Akeyless0%
Akeyless0%11OpenBao0%
OpenBao0%What they warned about
Six of fourteen models held their first choice under the paraphrase. Claude Haiku 4.5, Perplexity Sonar, Grok 4.1 Fast, Mistral Small, DeepSeek V4 Flash, Kimi K2, GLM 4.7 FlashX and MiniMax M2.5 changed. A high negative share on a product with few labels is a warning. A low share on a product with many labels is salience, not sentiment.
HashiCorp Vault66%
46 of 70 labels negative · 13 of 14 models · 15 hard negative
“*Verdict:* Avoid unless you already have a dedicated platform/security team and a clear use-case for dynamic secrets and granular policy control.” GLM 4.7 FlashX, negative prompt
AWS Secrets Manager27%
15 of 56 labels negative · 8 of 14 models · 1 hard negative
“Avoid for small teams: ... cloud-vendor ones like AWS Secrets Manager (vendor lock-in” Grok 4.1 Fast, direct prompt
CyberArk Conjur78%
7 of 9 labels negative · 6 of 14 models · 3 hard negative
“*Verdict:* Avoid unless you're a regulated enterprise that already has a PAM strategy and dedicated security staff.” GLM 4.7 FlashX, negative prompt
Azure Key Vault20%
6 of 30 labels negative · 5 of 14 models
“**Why to be cautious:** If your small business uses a multi-cloud or SaaS-heavy approach... cloud-native managers become highly complex” Gemini 3.5 Flash, negative prompt
What they cite
Citations exist only for the models that return a source list: fourteen of the fourteen in this edition, and all six flagship models on the expanded tier.
Sites the answers cite
75 of 84 answers in this category came back with a source list, from 14 of 14 models: citations where the model returns them, or the search results it consulted. 1005 links across 179 sites, every framing counted. Ranked by the number of answers carrying the site or page. 14 of the 252 answers across every segment cited this index's own page for the category; the method page measures whether that reading tilts an answer.
vendor site · Infisical47 answers · 89 citations · 14 models
vendor site · Doppler36 answers · 49 citations · 12 models
31 answers · 31 citations · 9 models
29 answers · 32 citations · 11 models
vendor site · G229 answers · 32 citations · 12 models
vendor site · GitGuardian27 answers · 27 citations · 11 models
23 answers · 33 citations · 8 models
vendor site · Pulumi22 answers · 22 citations · 9 models
vendor site · Railway19 answers · 19 citations · 10 models
vendor site · SourceForge18 answers · 22 citations · 9 models
vendor site · Safeguard17 answers · 20 citations · 8 models
vendor site · WorkOS17 answers · 17 citations · 9 models
Pages the answers cite
The ten pages named in the most answers, by full address. A page here is one the models returned with a recommendation, not one the index endorses.
31 answers · 9 models
27 answers · 11 models
25 answers · 11 models
24 answers · 8 models
22 answers · 9 models
19 answers · 10 models
19 answers · 10 models
17 answers · 7 models
17 answers · 9 models
16 answers · 7 models
Search against answers
Each company's standing in the answers beside its site's footprint in Google search, one row a site: the products the models named on it with their shares, and the share they add up to; monthly searches on Google, and DataForSEO's estimate of AI search demand (modeled from search signals, directional, not a count of queries to any assistant), for the most-searched of the company's and its products' names (the name is in each row's hover text); estimated monthly organic visits to the site; and its best position in Google's top ten for “best secrets management tool”, “secrets management tool”, “secrets management tools”. US estimates from DataForSEO and Google's Ads Transparency Center. A small company's site, or a mid-sized company's site for its flagship, is marked company; a product on a large parent's site (Google, Microsoft) has no site figures. A column with no figures for this category is left out, and an empty cell means none were seen, not none exist. Two measurements side by side: neither is read as the cause of the other.
| Company and products | Share | Own site cited | Name searches, Google | AI search demand, est. | Organic visits | Paid search a month, est. | Google ads, last 30 days | Best Google position |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doppler doppler.com | 39% | 163 | 90,500 | 11,875 | 2,255 | 12 | ||
| Infisical infisical.com | 28% | 159 | 4,400 | 40 | 4,742 | 14 | 3 | |
| Bitwarden bitwarden.com Bitwarden Secrets Manager 12% | 12% | 59 | 165,000 | 2,160 | 474,514 company | $62 | 52 | |
| 1Password 1password.com 1Password 9%, 1Password Secrets Manager 0% | 9% | 281 | 201,000 | 3,085 | 927,263 | 120 | ||
| AWS parent site AWS Secrets Manager 6%, AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store 0% | 6% | 191 | 368,000 | 114,001 | ||||
| HashiCorp Vault hashicorp.com | 6% | 357 | 5,400 | 317 | 173,934 | $26 | 29 | 7 |
| Google Secret Manager cloud.google.com | 0% | 102 | 1,000 | 46 | 7,405,347 | |||
| Azure parent site Azure Key Vault 0% | 0% | 136 | 301,000 | 47,904 | ||||
| SOPS | 0% | 74,000 | 8,602 | |||||
| Akeyless akeyless.io | 0% | 155 | 1,000 | 16 | 3,357 | $916 | 24 | 2 |
Google's top ten for the three searches hold 20 sites; 4 of them are among the sites the models cited here (blog.gitguardian.com, dev.to, infisical.com, pulumi.com). The first result for “best secrets management tool” is tigergate.dev.
How they answered
Six framings of the same buying question, each sent to every model in a fresh session with search on. One row per model, so a row shows whether it held its answer under rewording, what it named when cost was the constraint, and what it argued against. Computed from the raw judge labels.ShowHide
How they answered
Six framings of the same buying question, each sent to every model in a fresh session with search on. One row per model, so a row shows whether it held its answer under rewording, what it named when cost was the constraint, and what it argued against. Computed from the raw judge labels.
ShowHideModelDirect“What is the best secrets management tool for a small B2B company?”Paraphrase“Which secrets vault for applications and infrastructure would you recommend to a small business that sells to other businesses?”Comparative“What are the top secrets management tools for a small team and how do they differ?”Budget-constrained“What is the best secrets management tool for a small company with a tight budget?”Scale-constrained“We are a 30 person company evaluating a secrets management tool. What should we look at?”Negative“Which secrets management tools should a small business avoid or be cautious about?”
Claude Haiku 4.51Password, Bitwarden Secrets Manageragainst: HashiCorp VaultAWS Secrets Manager, DopplerChangedDopplerBitwarden Secrets Manageragainst: OpenBao, SOPSno first choiceagainst: AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, CyberArk Conjur, Doppler, HashiCorp Vault
One alternative
AWS Secrets ManagerTwo alternatives
Infisical, OpenBaoThree alternatives
1Password, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, InfisicalTwo alternatives
Doppler, InfisicalGPT-5.4 miniAWS Secrets ManagerAWS Secrets ManagerHeld1Password, Bitwarden Secrets Manageragainst: HashiCorp VaultInfisicalagainst: OpenBao, SOPSno first choicenothing named
Four alternatives
1Password, Azure Key Vault, Doppler, Google Secret ManagerThree alternatives
Azure Key Vault, Google Secret Manager, HashiCorp VaultTwo alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, SOPSOne alternative
1PasswordGemini 3.5 FlashDoppleragainst: 1Password, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, HashiCorp VaultDopplerHeldagainst: HashiCorp VaultDoppleragainst: HashiCorp VaultBitwarden Secrets Manageragainst: AWS Secrets ManagerDoppler, Infisicalagainst: AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, Google Secret Manager, HashiCorp Vaultagainst: 1Password, AWS CloudHSM, AWS Secrets Manager, Ansible Vault, Azure Dedicated HSM, Azure Key Vault, BeyondTrust, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, CyberArk Secrets Manager, Delinea Secret Server, Google Secret Manager, SOPS, Self-Hosted HashiCorp Vault, git-crypt
Three alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, Google Secret Manager, InfisicalThree alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, Google Secret Manager, InfisicalSix alternatives
1Password, AWS Secrets Manager, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, Google Secret Manager, Infisical, SOPSFour alternatives
AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store, Doppler, Infisical, SOPSThree alternatives
1Password, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, PhasePerplexity SonarDopplerDoppler, InfisicalChangedDoppler, Infisicalagainst: Akeyless, CyberArk Conjur, HashiCorp Vault, OpenBaoInfisicalno first choiceagainst: CyberArk Conjur, HashiCorp Vault
Seven alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, Google Secret Manager, HashiCorp Vault, OpenBao, SOPSThree alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, Google Secret Manager, HashiCorp VaultFour alternatives
1Password, AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, Google Secret ManagerFour alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, Doppler, OpenBao, SOPSGrok 4.1 FastInfisicalagainst: AWS Secrets Manager, HashiCorp VaultDoppler, InfisicalChangedagainst: AWS Secrets Manager, HashiCorp VaultBitwarden Secrets Manager, Infisicalagainst: HashiCorp VaultInfisicalagainst: Cloud-Native, HashiCorp VaultDoppler, Infisicalagainst: HashiCorp Vaultagainst: 1Password, AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, CyberArk Conjur, Delinea Secret Server, Google Secret Manager, HashiCorp Vault, Keycloak
Three alternatives
1Password, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, DopplerTwo alternatives
1Password, AWSTwo alternatives
1Password, DopplerThree alternatives
1Password, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, DopplerFive alternatives
1Password, AWS Secrets Manager, Akeyless, Azure Key Vault, Google Secret ManagerMistral Small1Password, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, DopplerHashiCorp VaultChangedDopplerBitwarden Secrets Managerno first choiceagainst: AWS Secrets Manager, HashiCorp Vault
One alternative
Keeper Secrets ManagerThree alternatives
1Password, AWS Secrets Manager, InfisicalFour alternatives
1Password, Azure Key Vault, HashiCorp Vault, InfisicalOne alternative
DopplerDeepSeek V4 FlashInfisicalagainst: HashiCorp VaultDopplerChangedagainst: HashiCorp VaultDoppler, Infisicalagainst: HashiCorp VaultInfisicalagainst: AWS Secrets Manager, Akeyless, Azure Key Vault, CyberArk Secrets Manager, Doppler, HashiCorp Vault, Vault CloudDoppler, Infisicalagainst: HashiCorp Vaultagainst: AWS Secrets Manager, CyberArk Secrets Manager, HashiCorp Vault
One alternative
DopplerOne alternative
InfisicalFour alternatives
1Password, AWS Secrets Manager, Akeyless, Bitwarden Secrets ManagerOne alternative
Bitwarden Secrets ManagerTwo alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key VaultLlama 4 Maverickno first choiceno first choiceHeldInfisicalBitwarden Secrets Managerno first choicenothing named
Five alternatives
1Password, AWS Secrets Manager, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, Doppler, HashiCorp VaultThree alternatives
GnuPG, HashiCorp Vault, git-cryptQwen 3.7 FlashDoppleragainst: 1PasswordDopplerHeldagainst: HashiCorp VaultDoppler, Infisicalagainst: 1Password, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, HashiCorp VaultDoppler, Infisicalagainst: HashiCorp Vault1Password, Doppleragainst: CyberArk Secrets Manager, HashiCorp Vault, SailPointagainst: AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store, HashiCorp Vault
Three alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, Google Secret ManagerThree alternatives
1Password, AWS Secrets Manager, Google Secret ManagerFour alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, Google Secret Manager, SOPSTwo alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key VaultThree alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, Envoy, InfisicalKimi K2Doppleragainst: HashiCorp VaultDoppler, InfisicalChangedagainst: AWS Secrets Manager, HashiCorp VaultDoppler, Infisicalagainst: HashiCorp VaultInfisicalagainst: AWS Secrets Manager, HashiCorp Vault1Password, Doppleragainst: HashiCorp Vaultagainst: AWS Secrets Manager, CyberArk Secrets Manager, HashiCorp Vault
Two alternatives
1Password, InfisicalOne alternative
Bitwarden Secrets ManagerTwo alternatives
1Password Secrets Manager, Bitwarden Secrets ManagerThree alternatives
Bitwarden Secrets Manager, Doppler, OpenBaoOne alternative
InfisicalGLM 4.7 FlashXInfisicalagainst: HashiCorp VaultAWS Secrets ManagerChangedagainst: OpenBaoDoppler, InfisicalInfisicalagainst: HashiCorp Vault1Password, Doppleragainst: AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, CyberArk Conjur, Google Secret Manager, HashiCorp Vault, Keeper Secrets Manager
Three alternatives
1Password, AWS Secrets Manager, DopplerFive alternatives
1Password, Azure Key Vault, Doppler, HashiCorp Vault, InfisicalFive alternatives
1Password, AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, HashiCorp VaultFour alternatives
Git‑Crypt, GnuPG, Google Secret Manager, OpenBaoFour alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, HashiCorp Vault, InfisicalMiniMax M2.5Bitwarden Secrets Manager, HashiCorp VaultDoppler, InfisicalChangedagainst: HashiCorp VaultDoppleragainst: HashiCorp VaultHashiCorp Vaultagainst: Delinea Secret Server1Password, HashiCorp Vaultagainst: CyberArk Conjur, Delinea Secret Server, HashiCorp Vault
Three alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, InfisicalThree alternatives
AWS, Azure, Google Secret ManagerTwo alternatives
Bitwarden Secrets Manager, InfisicalFour alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, Google Secret ManagerOne alternative
Bitwarden Secrets ManagerGPT-6 LunaDopplerDopplerHeldDoppleragainst: HashiCorp VaultBitwarden Secrets Manager, Infisicalno first choiceagainst: HashiCorp Vault
Two alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, InfisicalOne alternative
AWS Secrets ManagerFour alternatives
AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, Google Secret Manager, InfisicalMuse Glimmer 30BDoppleragainst: HashiCorp VaultDopplerHeldagainst: HashiCorp VaultDoppleragainst: HashiCorp VaultDoppler, Infisicalagainst: HashiCorp VaultDoppleragainst: AWS Secrets Manager, Google Secret Manager, HashiCorp Vaultagainst: CyberArk Conjur, HashiCorp Vault self-hosted
Two alternatives
1Password, InfisicalThree alternatives
1Password, AWS Secrets Manager, InfisicalThree alternatives
1Password, Bitwarden Secrets Manager, InfisicalTwo alternatives
OpenBao, SOPSOne alternative
1PasswordBold is the first choiceAlternatives are counted; the count opens them.What the answer argued against
The record
One row per call: the version string exactly as returned, whether the model searched, sources cited, and latency. Full answer text is in the free responses file. Download the record
Eighty-four rows: every prompt, every model, every answer.
| Prompt | Model | Version string | Time (UTC) | Searched | Sources | Latency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct recommendation | Claude Haiku 4.5 | claude-haiku-4-5-20251001 | 2026-10-01 11:43 | no | 0 | 4 s |
| Direct recommendation | GPT-5.4 mini | gpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-17 | 2026-10-01 10:21 | yes | 4 | 4 s |
| Direct recommendation | Gemini 3.5 Flash | gemini-3.5-flash | 2026-10-01 13:37 | yes | 12 | 24 s |
| Direct recommendation | Perplexity Sonar | sonar | 2026-10-01 09:34 | yes | 16 | 3 s |
| Direct recommendation | Grok 4.1 Fast | spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex | 2026-10-01 11:57 | yes | 22 | 8 s |
| Direct recommendation | Mistral Small | mistral/mistral-small via mistral | 2026-10-01 12:19 | yes | 12 | 6 s |
| Direct recommendation | DeepSeek V4 Flash | deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra | 2026-10-01 11:03 | yes | 23 | 28 s |
| Direct recommendation | Llama 4 Maverick | meta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock | 2026-10-01 11:34 | yes | 5 | 1 s |
| Direct recommendation | Qwen 3.7 Flash | alibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba | 2026-10-01 13:50 | no | 0 | 27 s |
| Direct recommendation | Kimi K2 | moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita | 2026-10-01 12:09 | yes | 20 | 25 s |
| Direct recommendation | GLM 4.7 FlashX | zai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai | 2026-10-01 08:33 | yes | 19 | 39 s |
| Direct recommendation | MiniMax M2.5 | minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax | 2026-10-01 07:44 | yes | 5 | 10 s |
| Direct recommendation | GPT-6 Luna | gpt-6-luna | 2026-10-01 08:53 | yes | 3 | 10 s |
| Direct recommendation | Muse Glimmer 30B | meta/muse-glimmer-30b via togetherai | 2026-10-01 09:03 | yes | 13 | 18 s |
| Paraphrase | Claude Haiku 4.5 | claude-haiku-4-5-20251001 | 2026-10-01 10:32 | yes | 18 | 8 s |
| Paraphrase | GPT-5.4 mini | gpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-17 | 2026-10-01 08:13 | yes | 4 | 6 s |
| Paraphrase | Gemini 3.5 Flash | gemini-3.5-flash | 2026-10-01 10:33 | yes | 13 | 22 s |
| Paraphrase | Perplexity Sonar | sonar | 2026-10-01 08:32 | yes | 21 | 3 s |
| Paraphrase | Grok 4.1 Fast | spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex | 2026-10-01 07:43 | yes | 23 | 9 s |
| Paraphrase | Mistral Small | mistral/mistral-small via mistral | 2026-10-01 13:11 | yes | 5 | 4 s |
| Paraphrase | DeepSeek V4 Flash | deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra | 2026-10-01 13:53 | yes | 25 | 42 s |
| Paraphrase | Llama 4 Maverick | meta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock | 2026-10-01 12:22 | yes | 5 | 2 s |
| Paraphrase | Qwen 3.7 Flash | alibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba | 2026-10-01 12:14 | no | 0 | 32 s |
| Paraphrase | Kimi K2 | moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita | 2026-10-01 08:15 | yes | 20 | 22 s |
| Paraphrase | GLM 4.7 FlashX | zai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai | 2026-10-01 07:46 | yes | 15 | 19 s |
| Paraphrase | MiniMax M2.5 | minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax | 2026-10-01 08:10 | yes | 5 | 15 s |
| Paraphrase | GPT-6 Luna | gpt-6-luna | 2026-10-01 10:09 | yes | 2 | 16 s |
| Paraphrase | Muse Glimmer 30B | meta/muse-glimmer-30b via togetherai | 2026-10-01 09:07 | yes | 20 | 35 s |
| Comparative | Claude Haiku 4.5 | claude-haiku-4-5-20251001 | 2026-10-01 07:54 | yes | 9 | 10 s |
| Comparative | GPT-5.4 mini | gpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-17 | 2026-10-01 13:52 | yes | 3 | 9 s |
| Comparative | Gemini 3.5 Flash | gemini-3.5-flash | 2026-10-01 11:00 | yes | 8 | 27 s |
| Comparative | Perplexity Sonar | sonar | 2026-10-01 10:42 | yes | 17 | 4 s |
| Comparative | Grok 4.1 Fast | spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex | 2026-10-01 11:12 | yes | 22 | 7 s |
| Comparative | Mistral Small | mistral/mistral-small via mistral | 2026-10-01 10:40 | yes | 15 | 9 s |
| Comparative | DeepSeek V4 Flash | deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra | 2026-10-01 12:03 | yes | 22 | 46 s |
| Comparative | Llama 4 Maverick | meta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock | 2026-10-01 13:23 | yes | 7 | 3 s |
| Comparative | Qwen 3.7 Flash | alibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba | 2026-10-01 08:56 | no | 0 | 31 s |
| Comparative | Kimi K2 | moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita | 2026-10-01 08:26 | yes | 20 | 28 s |
| Comparative | GLM 4.7 FlashX | zai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai | 2026-10-01 10:45 | yes | 24 | 127 s |
| Comparative | MiniMax M2.5 | minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax | 2026-10-01 13:17 | yes | 15 | 40 s |
| Comparative | GPT-6 Luna | gpt-6-luna | 2026-10-01 10:45 | yes | 6 | 23 s |
| Comparative | Muse Glimmer 30B | meta/muse-glimmer-30b via togetherai | 2026-10-01 10:37 | yes | 13 | 27 s |
| Budget constrained | Claude Haiku 4.5 | claude-haiku-4-5-20251001 | 2026-10-01 09:09 | yes | 9 | 18 s |
| Budget constrained | GPT-5.4 mini | gpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-17 | 2026-10-01 12:31 | yes | 3 | 5 s |
| Budget constrained | Gemini 3.5 Flash | gemini-3.5-flash | 2026-10-01 11:23 | yes | 18 | 22 s |
| Budget constrained | Perplexity Sonar | sonar | 2026-10-01 12:16 | yes | 28 | 4 s |
| Budget constrained | Grok 4.1 Fast | spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex | 2026-10-01 09:49 | yes | 13 | 5 s |
| Budget constrained | Mistral Small | mistral/mistral-small via mistral | 2026-10-01 12:06 | yes | 5 | 2 s |
| Budget constrained | DeepSeek V4 Flash | deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra | 2026-10-01 11:21 | yes | 19 | 24 s |
| Budget constrained | Llama 4 Maverick | meta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock | 2026-10-01 11:34 | yes | 5 | 1 s |
| Budget constrained | Qwen 3.7 Flash | alibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba | 2026-10-01 11:57 | yes | 5 | 28 s |
| Budget constrained | Kimi K2 | moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita | 2026-10-01 11:09 | yes | 10 | 15 s |
| Budget constrained | GLM 4.7 FlashX | zai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai | 2026-10-01 10:41 | yes | 19 | 37 s |
| Budget constrained | MiniMax M2.5 | minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax | 2026-10-01 12:23 | no | 0 | 55 s |
| Budget constrained | GPT-6 Luna | gpt-6-luna | 2026-10-01 11:36 | yes | 2 | 10 s |
| Budget constrained | Muse Glimmer 30B | meta/muse-glimmer-30b via togetherai | 2026-10-01 09:42 | yes | 14 | 18 s |
| Scale constrained | Claude Haiku 4.5 | claude-haiku-4-5-20251001 | 2026-10-01 11:32 | no | 0 | 5 s |
| Scale constrained | GPT-5.4 mini | gpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-17 | 2026-10-01 08:09 | no | 0 | 8 s |
| Scale constrained | Gemini 3.5 Flash | gemini-3.5-flash | 2026-10-01 08:55 | yes | 11 | 22 s |
| Scale constrained | Perplexity Sonar | sonar | 2026-10-01 10:10 | yes | 26 | 6 s |
| Scale constrained | Grok 4.1 Fast | spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex | 2026-10-01 13:20 | yes | 14 | 7 s |
| Scale constrained | Mistral Small | mistral/mistral-small via mistral | 2026-10-01 13:33 | no | 0 | 7 s |
| Scale constrained | DeepSeek V4 Flash | deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra | 2026-10-01 12:02 | yes | 19 | 49 s |
| Scale constrained | Llama 4 Maverick | meta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock | 2026-10-01 11:13 | yes | 5 | 2 s |
| Scale constrained | Qwen 3.7 Flash | alibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba | 2026-10-01 10:14 | no | 0 | 30 s |
| Scale constrained | Kimi K2 | moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita | 2026-10-01 08:52 | yes | 14 | 25 s |
| Scale constrained | GLM 4.7 FlashX | zai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai | 2026-10-01 09:17 | yes | 24 | 32 s |
| Scale constrained | MiniMax M2.5 | minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax | 2026-10-01 13:37 | yes | 5 | 19 s |
| Scale constrained | GPT-6 Luna | gpt-6-luna | 2026-10-01 13:33 | yes | 2 | 19 s |
| Scale constrained | Muse Glimmer 30B | meta/muse-glimmer-30b via togetherai | 2026-10-01 09:16 | yes | 13 | 29 s |
| Negative framing | Claude Haiku 4.5 | claude-haiku-4-5-20251001 | 2026-10-01 10:46 | yes | 15 | 10 s |
| Negative framing | GPT-5.4 mini | gpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-17 | 2026-10-01 10:57 | yes | 5 | 4 s |
| Negative framing | Gemini 3.5 Flash | gemini-3.5-flash | 2026-10-01 13:28 | yes | 10 | 22 s |
| Negative framing | Perplexity Sonar | sonar | 2026-10-01 08:35 | yes | 21 | 3 s |
| Negative framing | Grok 4.1 Fast | spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex | 2026-10-01 11:19 | yes | 22 | 7 s |
| Negative framing | Mistral Small | mistral/mistral-small via mistral | 2026-10-01 12:34 | yes | 5 | 5 s |
| Negative framing | DeepSeek V4 Flash | deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra | 2026-10-01 09:24 | yes | 25 | 29 s |
| Negative framing | Llama 4 Maverick | meta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock | 2026-10-01 08:44 | yes | 5 | 1 s |
| Negative framing | Qwen 3.7 Flash | alibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba | 2026-10-01 11:28 | yes | 15 | 43 s |
| Negative framing | Kimi K2 | moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita | 2026-10-01 13:06 | yes | 24 | 22 s |
| Negative framing | GLM 4.7 FlashX | zai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai | 2026-10-01 11:29 | yes | 24 | 98 s |
| Negative framing | MiniMax M2.5 | minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax | 2026-10-01 08:21 | yes | 19 | 26 s |
| Negative framing | GPT-6 Luna | gpt-6-luna | 2026-10-01 12:02 | yes | 1 | 13 s |
| Negative framing | Muse Glimmer 30B | meta/muse-glimmer-30b via togetherai | 2026-10-01 13:08 | yes | 20 | 27 s |
Normalization in this category
Every judgment call made between the raw labels and the numbers above, listed so it is visible and reversible.
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Category-scoped readings
Bitwarden read as Bitwarden Secrets Manager
Bitwarden (or Vaultwarden) read as Bitwarden Secrets Manager
Bitwarden (with Secret Manager) read as Bitwarden Secrets Manager
Bitwarden Teams read as Bitwarden Secrets Manager
CyberArk read as CyberArk Secrets Manager
Delinea read as Delinea Secret Server
Delinea (formerly Thycotic/Centrify) read as Delinea Secret Server
Unresolved, counted raw
AWS CloudHSM
Azure Dedicated HSM
Doppler secrets management platform
Git‑Crypt
HashiCorp Vault self-hosted
Keeper Password Manager
Phase
SecretHub
Self-Hosted HashiCorp Vault
Vault Cloud
Discontinued, still offered
No shut-down product was recommended here.