IT AI Index
September 2026 Edition · The permanent record of this edition. The unqualified address always carries the latest edition.
Index › Identity and access › Password managers › Enterprise › September 2026 Edition

Business password managers for enterprise buyers

Asked as “business password manager”, and as “team password vault”, on behalf of an enterprise B2B company. 47 first choices recorded across the direct, paraphrase, budget and scale prompts, twelve models each.
Standing
Bitwarden
Clear leader
43% of first choices, clear leader.
ShowinginAll 67 categories in the September 2026 Edition →

By buyer segment

The same question asked on behalf of a different buyer. Each standing is computed within its segment; they sit side by side and are never added together.
Small business1Password42%Clear leaderStanding →Mid-marketBitwarden49%Clear leaderStanding →EnterpriseBitwarden43%Clear leaderThis page

01The standing

Share is the count of first choices across the direct, paraphrase, budget and scale prompts, over all twelve models, for an enterprise B2B company. Ordered by share.
ProductFirst-choice shareNegative rateLabelsQuadrant
01Bitwarden43%3%65endorsed leader
021Password32%13%63endorsed leader
03Keeper Security21%3%58accepted challenger
04Dashlane2%30%44criticized challenger
Show the two products at 0%, ordered by negative rate
06LastPass0%81%32criticized challenger
05NordPass0%5%22accepted challenger
Bars are the share of first choices, 0 to 100Every product with at least 10 labels here. Every product name links to its vendor page.
Head to head
Bitwarden vs 1PasswordBitwarden vs NordPass1Password vs NordPass

Recommended versus criticized

Every product with at least 10 labels here, on both axes. The 30% line names a quadrant, not the verdict above: that one needs more than 40%.

Criticized challengerCriticized default
Negative label rate →
01
02
03
04
05
06
Accepted challengerEndorsed leader
0%First-choice share → · lines at 30% share and 25% negative60%
Key
01Bitwarden43%
021Password32%
03Keeper Security21%
04Dashlane2%
05NordPass0%
06LastPass0%

02What they warned about

Four of twelve models held their first choice under the paraphrase. Claude Haiku 4.5, Perplexity Sonar, Grok 4.1 Fast, Mistral Small, Llama 4 Maverick, Qwen 3.7 Flash, GLM 4.7 FlashX and MiniMax M2.5 changed. A high negative share on a product with few labels is a warning. A low share on a product with many labels is salience, not sentiment.
LastPass
81%
26 of 32 labels negative · 11 of 12 models · 16 hard negative
“Many security professionals now recommend avoiding LastPass for business use due to these issues and the company's handling of the breach aftermath” Mistral Small, negative prompt
Dashlane
30%
13 of 44 labels negative · 7 of 12 models · 2 hard negative
“avoid 1Password and Dashlane if predictability is the top priority” GLM 4.7 FlashX, budget prompt
1Password
13%
8 of 63 labels negative · 7 of 12 models · 1 hard negative
“avoid 1Password and Dashlane if predictability is the top priority” GLM 4.7 FlashX, budget prompt
Norton Password Manager
100%
3 of 3 labels negative · 3 of 12 models · 3 hard negative
“**Norton LifeLock** | 🔴 **AVOID** | Credential-stuffing vulnerabilities, consumer-focused” Kimi K2, negative prompt

03What they cite

Citations exist only for the models that return a source list: twelve of the twelve in this edition, and all six flagship models on the expanded tier.

Sites the answers cite

64 of 72 answers in this category came back with a source list, from 12 of 12 models: citations where the model returns them, or the search results it consulted. 6 of those lists are Google grounding redirects that name no site and are left out of the counts. 826 links across 196 sites, every framing counted. Ranked by the number of answers carrying the site or page.

techrepublic.com
37 answers · 41 citations · 10 models
petronellatech.com
37 answers · 37 citations · 10 models
bitwarden.com
vendor site · Bitwarden34 answers · 63 citations · 9 models
pwdfortress.com
25 answers · 32 citations · 9 models
pcmag.com
23 answers · 24 citations · 9 models
allaboutcookies.org
20 answers · 20 citations · 8 models
gartner.com
18 answers · 22 citations · 9 models
teampassword.com
vendor site · TeamPassword16 answers · 17 citations · 8 models
reddit.com
15 answers · 19 citations · 7 models
passwordmanager.com
15 answers · 15 citations · 8 models
techbullion.com
14 answers · 14 citations · 6 models
1password.com
vendor site · 1Password13 answers · 22 citations · 5 models

Pages the answers cite

The ten pages named in the most answers, by full address. A page here is one the models returned with a recommendation, not one the index endorses.

petronellatech.com/blog/best-password-managers-for-business-2026-comparison…
37 answers · 10 models
techrepublic.com/article/enterprise-password-managers
36 answers · 10 models
pcmag.com/picks/the-best-password-managers-for-businesses
23 answers · 9 models
pwdfortress.com/en/blog/best-password-manager-for-business
23 answers · 9 models
allaboutcookies.org/best-password-managers-for-businesses
20 answers · 8 models
gartner.com/reviews/market/password-management-tools
17 answers · 9 models
bitwarden.com/resources/top-10-enterprise-password-managers-compared
16 answers · 6 models
teampassword.com/blog/best-enterprise-password-vaults
15 answers · 7 models
passwordmanager.com/best-enterprise-password-managers
14 answers · 8 models
techbullion.com/best-password-manager-business
14 answers · 6 models

04How they answered

Six framings of the same buying question, each sent to every model in a fresh session with search on. One row per model, so a row shows whether it held its answer under rewording, what it named when cost was the constraint, and what it argued against. Computed from the raw judge labels.
ModelDirect“What is the best business password manager for an enterprise B2B company?”Paraphrase“Which team password vault would you recommend to a large B2B company with thousands of employees?”Comparative“What are the top enterprise-grade business password managers and how do they differ?”Budget-constrained“What is the best business password manager for a large company that needs predictable total cost across thousands of users?”Scale-constrained“We are a 5,000 person company with SSO, SOC 2 and procurement review requirements evaluating a business password manager. What should we look at?”Negative“Which business password managers should a large enterprise avoid or be cautious about?”
Claude Haiku 4.51Password
Three alternativesBitwarden, Dashlane, Keeper Security
against: LastPassno first choiceChangedagainst: LastPass1Password
Three alternativesBitwarden, Dashlane, Keeper Security
Bitwarden
Two alternatives1Password, Keeper Security
Bitwardenagainst: 1Password, Bitwarden, Dashlane, LastPass
GPT-5.4 miniBitwarden
Two alternatives1Password, Keeper Security
BitwardenHeld
One alternative1Password
1Password, Bitwarden
One alternativeDashlane
against: LastPassBitwarden
One alternativeLastPass
no first choiceagainst: Dashlane, LastPass
Gemini 3.5 Flash1Password
Two alternativesBitwarden, Keeper Security
1PasswordHeld
Two alternativesBitwarden, Keeper Security
against: LastPass1Password
Four alternativesBitwarden, Dashlane, Keeper Security, NordPass
Dashlane
Two alternativesBitwarden, Enpass
against: Keeper Security, LastPass1Password, Bitwarden, Keeper Securityagainst: Apple Passwords, Bitdefender Password Manager, Bitwarden, Google Password Manager, KeePass, KeePassXC, LastPass, McAfee True Key, Microsoft Edge Password Manager, Norton Password Manager, Vaultwarden
Perplexity Sonar1Password, Bitwarden
Two alternativesKeeper Security, NordPass
1PasswordChanged
Four alternativesBitwarden, CyberArk, Keeper Security, Securden Password Vault
Keeper Security
Four alternatives1Password, Bitwarden, Dashlane, NordPass
against: RoboFormBitwarden
Two alternativesNordPass, RoboForm
against: 1Passwordno first choiceagainst: LastPass, ManageEngine Password Manager Pro, Passportal, Psono, RoboForm, Vaultwarden
Grok 4.1 FastKeeper Security
Two alternatives1Password, Bitwarden
against: LastPass1PasswordChanged
Three alternativesBitwarden, Dashlane, Keeper Security
against: CyberArk, LastPassKeeper Security
Four alternatives1Password, Bitwarden, Dashlane, NordPass
against: LastPass, ManageEngine Password Manager Pro, Zoho VaultBitwarden
One alternativeKeeper Security
against: 1Password, Dashlane, LastPass, OktaBitwarden
Two alternatives1Password, Keeper Security
against: LastPassagainst: Dashlane, LastPass, Norton Password Manager, Passwordstate
Mistral SmallBitwarden
Three alternatives1Password, Dashlane, Keeper Security
1Password, Keeper SecurityChanged
Three alternativesBitwarden, Safeguard, TeamPassword
Bitwarden
Four alternatives1Password, Dashlane, Keeper Security, NordPass
Bitwarden
Two alternatives1Password, Keeper Security
no first choiceagainst: LastPass
DeepSeek V4 FlashKeeper Security
Three alternatives1Password, Bitwarden, Dashlane
Keeper SecurityHeld
Two alternatives1Password, Bitwarden
Keeper Security
Seven alternatives1Password, Bitwarden, Dashlane, ManageEngine Password Manager Pro, NordPass, Proton Pass, Zoho Vault
against: LastPassBitwarden
Two alternatives1Password, Keeper Security
against: Dashlaneno first choice
Three alternatives1Password, Bitwarden, Keeper Security
against: Dashlane, NordPass, Proton Passagainst: 1Password, Dashlane, LastPass, Passwork
Llama 4 MaverickBitwarden
Three alternativesKeeper Security, NordPass, Zoho Vault
Bitwarden, Keeper Security, TeamPasswordChangedKeeper Security
Four alternatives1Password, Bitwarden, Dashlane, NordPass
Keeper Security
Five alternatives1Password, Bitwarden, LastPass, NordPass, RoboForm
1Password
Two alternativesBitwarden, Keeper Security
against: Beyond Trust Password Safe, Delinea Secret Server
Qwen 3.7 Flash1Password, Keeper Security
Three alternativesBitwarden, Dashlane, NordPass
1PasswordChanged
Two alternativesBitwarden, Keeper Security
1Password
Four alternativesBitwarden, Dashlane, Keeper Security, NordPass
Bitwarden
One alternativeKeeper Security
against: 1Password, Dashlane, LastPassno first choice
Five alternatives1Password, BeyondTrust, Bitwarden, Delinea Secret Server, Keeper Security
against: Built-in Browser Managers, KeePass, KeePassXC, LastPass, RoboForm
Kimi K21Password
Two alternativesBitwarden, Keeper Security
1PasswordHeld
One alternativeBitwarden
against: Dashlane, LastPass1Password, Bitwarden
Two alternativesDashlane, Keeper Security
against: LastPassBitwarden
One alternativeKeeper Security
against: 1Password1Password
Two alternativesBitwarden, Keeper Security
against: Apple Passwords, Dashlane, Firefox Lockwise, Google Password Manager, LastPass, Microsoft Edge Password Manager, Norton Password Manager
GLM 4.7 FlashXKeeper Security
Four alternatives1Password, Bitwarden, Dashlane, NordPass
against: LastPassBitwardenChanged
Four alternatives1Password, Keeper Security, Passbolt, Proton Pass
against: DashlaneBitwarden
Six alternatives1Password, Dashlane, Keeper Security, LastPass, NordPass, Proton Pass
Bitwarden
One alternativeKeeper Security
against: 1Password, Dashlaneno first choiceagainst: 1Password, Browser-based password managers, Dashlane, Keeper Security, LastPass
MiniMax M2.51Password, Keeper Security
Two alternativesBitwarden, Dashlane
BitwardenChanged
Four alternatives1Password, Keeper Security, NordPass, Safeguard
Keeper Security
Five alternatives1Password, BeyondTrust, Bitwarden, CyberArk, Dashlane
no first choiceno first choiceagainst: LastPass
Bold is the first choiceAlternatives are counted; the count opens them.What the answer argued against

05The record

One row per call: the version string exactly as returned, whether the model searched, sources cited, and latency. Full answer text is in the free responses file. Download the record
Seventy-two rows: every prompt, every model, every answer.
PromptModelVersion stringTime (UTC)SearchedSourcesLatency
Direct recommendationClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 11:59no05 s
Direct recommendationGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 11:16yes14 s
Direct recommendationGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 11:18yes1623 s
Direct recommendationPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 14:05yes207 s
Direct recommendationGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-09-17 10:26yes3616 s
Direct recommendationMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 13:36yes1211 s
Direct recommendationDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 10:10yes1815 s
Direct recommendationLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 12:38yes53 s
Direct recommendationQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 10:36yes537 s
Direct recommendationKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 12:07yes929 s
Direct recommendationGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 10:53yes14103 s
Direct recommendationMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 13:12yes1054 s
ParaphraseClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 13:54no04 s
ParaphraseGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 14:05yes46 s
ParaphraseGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 14:07yes820 s
ParaphrasePerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 12:19yes196 s
ParaphraseGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-09-17 10:07yes4517 s
ParaphraseMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 12:39yes55 s
ParaphraseDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 10:43yes1718 s
ParaphraseLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 13:12yes54 s
ParaphraseQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 10:31no033 s
ParaphraseKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 11:25yes1427 s
ParaphraseGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 11:32yes1455 s
ParaphraseMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 10:46yes826 s
ComparativeClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 13:54yes99 s
ComparativeGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 13:58yes612 s
ComparativeGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 10:10yes1625 s
ComparativePerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 12:41yes2010 s
ComparativeGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-09-17 09:56yes2414 s
ComparativeMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 13:34yes58 s
ComparativeDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 11:13yes1820 s
ComparativeLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 11:14yes52 s
ComparativeQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 12:12yes536 s
ComparativeKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 10:31yes934 s
ComparativeGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 11:47yes838 s
ComparativeMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 14:07yes522 s
Budget constrainedClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 13:12yes148 s
Budget constrainedGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 10:45yes35 s
Budget constrainedGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 12:48yes1223 s
Budget constrainedPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 10:01yes206 s
Budget constrainedGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-09-17 11:47yes3917 s
Budget constrainedMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 11:28yes54 s
Budget constrainedDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 13:44yes1828 s
Budget constrainedLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 13:49yes53 s
Budget constrainedQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 13:08no040 s
Budget constrainedKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 11:12yes1753 s
Budget constrainedGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 14:07yes23167 s
Budget constrainedMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 12:29yes15106 s
Scale constrainedClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 11:33yes1717 s
Scale constrainedGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 12:22no09 s
Scale constrainedGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 13:08yes1229 s
Scale constrainedPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 12:02yes2011 s
Scale constrainedGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-09-17 11:59yes1310 s
Scale constrainedMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 11:14no08 s
Scale constrainedDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 14:00yes1925 s
Scale constrainedLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 12:30yes54 s
Scale constrainedQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 12:46yes1451 s
Scale constrainedKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 10:44yes1936 s
Scale constrainedGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 11:47yes27116 s
Scale constrainedMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 10:24no010 s
Negative framingClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 12:26yes1810 s
Negative framingGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 10:42yes47 s
Negative framingGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 13:47yes3139 s
Negative framingPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 12:56yes197 s
Negative framingGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-09-17 12:07yes2012 s
Negative framingMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 13:28yes55 s
Negative framingDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 10:21yes2626 s
Negative framingLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 12:35yes53 s
Negative framingQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 10:56no044 s
Negative framingKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 13:46yes2337 s
Negative framingGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 11:35yes2489 s
Negative framingMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 13:33yes1428 s

Normalization in this category

Every judgment call made between the raw labels and the numbers above, listed so it is visible and reversible.

Category-scoped readings
Delinea read as Delinea Secret Server
Keeper read as Keeper Security
Keeper (Enterprise) read as Keeper Security
Keeper Business read as Keeper Security
Keeper Enterprise read as Keeper Security
Proton read as Proton Pass
Securden read as Securden Password Vault
Unresolved, counted raw
Beyond Trust Password Safe
Bitdefender Password Manager
Browser-based password managers (Chrome, Edge, Safari, etc.)
Built-in Browser Managers (Chrome, Safari, Microsoft Edge)
Deddy/Dashlane
Firefox Lockwise
McAfee True Key
Passportal (NinjaOne)
Passwork
Psono
Discontinued, still offered
No shut-down product was recommended here.

Also in identity and access

The other categories of this function, with the leader in each.
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