Managed relational databases for enterprise buyers
Asked as “managed relational database service”, and as “hosted SQL database”, on behalf of an enterprise B2B company. 54 first choices recorded across the direct, paraphrase, budget and scale prompts, fourteen models each.
Standing · first-choice share
26%
Contested · Azure SQL Database 24%
26Amazon Aurora24Azure SQL Database20Amazon RDS30others
26% of first choices, contested.
Since September 2026↗new leaderNew leader since September 2026: Amazon Aurora (30%) replaces Amazon RDS (36% then, 20% now), 9 points clear, inside the 11-point floor.Amazon Aurora leads at 30%, replacing Amazon RDS, which led at 36% and stands at 20% now: 9 points clear, inside the floor, so the swap reads as unsettled.
By buyer segment
The same question asked on behalf of a different buyer. Each standing is computed within its segment; they sit side by side and are never added together.
Small business
Amazon RDS24%Contested▼−2Since September 2026: 24% → 22%, −2 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.Standing →Mid-marketAmazon RDS45%Clear leader▲+7Since September 2026: 35% → 42%, +7 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.Standing →Enterprise
Amazon Aurora26%Contested↗new leaderNew leader since September 2026: Amazon Aurora (30%) replaces Amazon RDS (36% then, 20% now), 9 points clear, inside the 11-point floor.This page
Amazon RDS24%Contested▼−2Since September 2026: 24% → 22%, −2 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.Standing →Mid-marketAmazon RDS45%Clear leader▲+7Since September 2026: 35% → 42%, +7 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.Standing →EnterpriseAmazon Aurora26%Contested↗new leaderNew leader since September 2026: Amazon Aurora (30%) replaces Amazon RDS (36% then, 20% now), 9 points clear, inside the 11-point floor.This pageThe standing
Share is the count of first choices across the direct, paraphrase, budget and scale prompts, over all fourteen models, for an enterprise B2B company. Ordered by share.
ProductFirst-choice shareNegative rateLabelsQuadrantSince September 2026
01Amazon Aurora26%30%44criticized challenger▼−1Since September 2026: 30% → 30%, −1 point. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.30% → 30%
Amazon Aurora26%30%44criticized challenger▼−1Since September 2026: 30% → 30%, −1 point. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.30% → 30%02
Azure SQL Database24%17%63accepted challenger▲+8Since September 2026: 15% → 23%, +8 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.15% → 23%
Azure SQL Database24%17%63accepted challenger▲+8Since September 2026: 15% → 23%, +8 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.15% → 23%03Amazon RDS20%15%48accepted challenger▼−15Since September 2026: 36% → 20%, −15 points. Past the 11-point floor: movement. Read over the models both editions asked.36% → 20%
Amazon RDS20%15%48accepted challenger▼−15Since September 2026: 36% → 20%, −15 points. Past the 11-point floor: movement. Read over the models both editions asked.36% → 20%04
Google Cloud SQL Lab in the set9%7%54accepted challenger▲+2Since September 2026: 8% → 9%, +2 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.8% → 9%
Google Cloud SQL Lab in the set9%7%54accepted challenger▲+2Since September 2026: 8% → 9%, +2 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.8% → 9%05
Oracle Autonomous Database2%8%13accepted challenger=heldSince September 2026: 2% → 2%, ±0 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.2% → 2%
Oracle Autonomous Database2%8%13accepted challenger=heldSince September 2026: 2% → 2%, ±0 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.2% → 2%Show the three products at 0%, ordered by negative rate
08
PlanetScale0%60%10criticized challenger=heldSince September 2026: 0% → 0%, ±0 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.0% → 0%
PlanetScale0%60%10criticized challenger=heldSince September 2026: 0% → 0%, ±0 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.0% → 0%07
Google Cloud Spanner Lab in the set0%23%13accepted challenger=heldSince September 2026: 0% → 0%, ±0 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.0% → 0%
Google Cloud Spanner Lab in the set0%23%13accepted challenger=heldSince September 2026: 0% → 0%, ±0 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.0% → 0%06AlloyDB for PostgreSQL0%0%11accepted challenger=heldSince September 2026: 0% → 0%, ±0 points. Inside the 11-point floor: within noise. Read over the models both editions asked.0% → 0%
The floor is 11 points of share, measured: how far the models move a leader on their own when the same questions are asked twice with nothing changed. A larger change is movement; a smaller one is noise, and both are shown. Movement is read over the twelve models both editions asked; GPT-6 Luna, Muse Glimmer 30B joined this edition and are in the standing but not yet in the comparison. How the floor is measured
Bars are the share of first choices, 0 to 100Every product with at least 10 labels here. Every product name links to its product page.
Google Cloud SQL is made by Google, whose model Gemini 3.5 Flash is in the set. On the four share prompts that model made it the first choice zero times of 4; the other thirteen models five times of 52. Google Cloud Spanner is made by Google, whose model Gemini 3.5 Flash is in the set. On the four share prompts that model made it the first choice zero times of 4; the other thirteen models zero times of 52. Lab treatment is defined on the method page; the row is marked, not excluded.
All twenty-one head-to-head pages: the top seven products, each against each
Amazon RDS vs DigitalOcean Managed DatabasesAmazon RDS vs SupabaseAmazon RDS vs Azure SQL DatabaseAmazon Aurora vs Google Cloud SQLAmazon Aurora vs NeonAmazon Aurora vs DigitalOcean Managed DatabasesAmazon Aurora vs SupabaseAmazon Aurora vs Azure SQL DatabaseGoogle Cloud SQL vs NeonGoogle Cloud SQL vs DigitalOcean Managed DatabasesGoogle Cloud SQL vs SupabaseGoogle Cloud SQL vs Azure SQL DatabaseNeon vs DigitalOcean Managed DatabasesNeon vs SupabaseNeon vs Azure SQL DatabaseDigitalOcean Managed Databases vs SupabaseDigitalOcean Managed Databases vs Azure SQL DatabaseSupabase vs Azure SQL Database
Recommended versus criticized
Every product with at least 10 labels here, on both axes. The 30% line names a quadrant, not the verdict above: that one needs more than 40%.
Criticized challengerCriticized default
Negative label rate →
0102030405A06
0708Accepted challengerEndorsed leader
0%First-choice share → · lines at 30% share and 25% negative40%
Key
01Amazon Aurora26%
Amazon Aurora26%02Azure SQL Database24%
Azure SQL Database24%03Amazon RDS20%
Amazon RDS20%04Google Cloud SQL9%
Google Cloud SQL9%05Oracle Autonomous Database2%
Oracle Autonomous Database2%06AlloyDB for PostgreSQL0%
07Google Cloud Spanner0%
Google Cloud Spanner0%08PlanetScale0%
PlanetScale0%What they warned about
One of fourteen models held their first choice under the paraphrase. Claude Haiku 4.5, GPT-5.4 mini, Perplexity Sonar, Grok 4.1 Fast, Mistral Small, DeepSeek V4 Flash, Llama 4 Maverick, Qwen 3.7 Flash, Kimi K2, GLM 4.7 FlashX, MiniMax M2.5, GPT-6 Luna and Muse Glimmer 30B changed. A high negative share on a product with few labels is a warning. A low share on a product with many labels is salience, not sentiment.
Amazon Aurora30%
13 of 44 labels negative · 9 of 14 models · 5 hard negative
“That eliminates most serverless/autoscaling options (like Aurora Serverless or Azure SQL serverless), which bill by the second and can produce unpredictable invoices.” DeepSeek V4 Flash, budget prompt
Azure SQL Database17%
11 of 63 labels negative · 9 of 14 models · 3 hard negative
“Auto-pause causes connection delays; unsuitable for applications with frequent, unpredictable access patterns.” Kimi K2, negative prompt
PlanetScale60%
6 of 10 labels negative · 6 of 14 models · 4 hard negative
“Why avoid? Shut down new user onboarding in 2023; no longer viable for fresh enterprise deployments.” Grok 4.1 Fast, negative prompt
Amazon RDS15%
7 of 48 labels negative · 6 of 14 models · 1 hard negative
“rates it **"highest caution"** and recommends **avoiding it for production core systems**” GLM 4.7 FlashX, negative prompt
What they cite
Citations exist only for the models that return a source list: fourteen of the fourteen in this edition, and all six flagship models on the expanded tier.
Sites the answers cite
75 of 84 answers in this category came back with a source list, from 14 of 14 models: citations where the model returns them, or the search results it consulted. 1096 links across 265 sites, every framing counted. Ranked by the number of answers carrying the site or page. 109 of the 252 answers across every segment cited this index's own page for the category; the method page measures whether that reading tilts an answer.
38 answers · 59 citations · 10 models
vendor site · Northflank34 answers · 39 citations · 12 models
vendor site · DigitalOcean31 answers · 34 citations · 10 models
vendor site · Amazon30 answers · 72 citations · 13 models
vendor site · G229 answers · 53 citations · 12 models
vendor site · Microsoft29 answers · 41 citations · 12 models
25 answers · 42 citations · 9 models
vendor site · Gitnux25 answers · 39 citations · 10 models
22 answers · 24 citations · 8 models
vendor site · Microsoft19 answers · 28 citations · 9 models
18 answers · 21 citations · 9 models
vendor site · ZipDo.co17 answers · 21 citations · 6 models
Pages the answers cite
The ten pages named in the most answers, by full address. A page here is one the models returned with a recommendation, not one the index endorses.
38 answers · 10 models
27 answers · 12 models
25 answers · 10 models
21 answers · 7 models
17 answers · 9 models
17 answers · 8 models
15 answers · 7 models
14 answers · 9 models
11 answers · 6 models
10 answers · 7 models
Search against answers
Each company's standing in the answers beside its site's footprint in Google search, one row a site: the products the models named on it with their shares, and the share they add up to; monthly searches on Google, and DataForSEO's estimate of AI search demand (modeled from search signals, directional, not a count of queries to any assistant), for the most-searched of the company's and its products' names (the name is in each row's hover text); estimated monthly organic visits to the site; and its best position in Google's top ten for “best managed relational database service”, “managed relational database service”, “managed relational database services”. US estimates from DataForSEO and Google's Ads Transparency Center. A small company's site, or a mid-sized company's site for its flagship, is marked company; a product on a large parent's site (Google, Microsoft) has no site figures. A column with no figures for this category is left out, and an empty cell means none were seen, not none exist. Two measurements side by side: neither is read as the cause of the other.
| Company and products | Share | Own site cited | Name searches, Google | AI search demand, est. | Organic visits | Paid search a month, est. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon aws.amazon.com Amazon Aurora 26%, Amazon RDS 20%, AWS 2% | 48% | 168 | 151,000,000 | 1,380,939 | 9,238,321 | $20,476 |
| Azure parent site Azure SQL Database 24%, Azure SQL Managed Instance 4%, Azure Database for PostgreSQL 2% | 30% | 147 | 301,000 | 47,904 | ||
| Google Cloud cloud.google.com Google Cloud SQL 9% | 9% | 165 | 165,000 | 7,596 | 7,405,347 | |
| Oracle parent site Oracle Autonomous Database 2% | 2% | 21 | 450,000 | 66,611 | ||
| Instaclustr instaclustr.com | 2% | 4 | ||||
| Amazon Aurora with I/O-Optimized pricing | 2% | |||||
| Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service) on AWS | 2% | |||||
| Amazon parent site Amazon RDS for SQL Server 2% | 2% | 2 | 151,000,000 | 1,380,939 | ||
| Amazon Web Services (AWS) Relational Database Service | 2% | |||||
| Azure Database Services | 2% |
Google's top ten for the three searches hold 17 sites; 2 of them are among the sites the models cited here (g2.com, learn.microsoft.com). The first result for “best managed relational database service” is trustradius.com.
How they answered
Six framings of the same buying question, each sent to every model in a fresh session with search on. One row per model, so a row shows whether it held its answer under rewording, what it named when cost was the constraint, and what it argued against. Computed from the raw judge labels.ShowHide
How they answered
Six framings of the same buying question, each sent to every model in a fresh session with search on. One row per model, so a row shows whether it held its answer under rewording, what it named when cost was the constraint, and what it argued against. Computed from the raw judge labels.
ShowHideModelDirect“What is the best managed relational database service for an enterprise B2B company?”Paraphrase“Which hosted SQL database would you recommend to a large B2B company with thousands of employees?”Comparative“What are the top enterprise-grade managed relational database services and how do they differ?”Budget-constrained“What is the best managed relational database service for a large company that needs predictable total cost across thousands of users?”Scale-constrained“We are a 5,000 person company with SSO, SOC 2 and procurement review requirements evaluating a managed relational database service. What should we look at?”Negative“Which managed relational database services should a large enterprise avoid or be cautious about?”
Claude Haiku 4.5Amazon RDS, Azure Database Servicesno first choiceChangedagainst: Oracle Cloud Databaseno first choiceGoogle Cloud SQLno first choiceagainst: Amazon Aurora, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle
One alternative
Google Cloud SQLFour alternatives
Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL, PostgreSQL on managed platformsTwo alternatives
Amazon RDS, Azure SQL DatabaseGPT-5.4 miniAmazon Aurora, Azure SQL DatabaseAzure SQL DatabaseChangedAmazon Aurora, Amazon RDSAmazon Aurora with I/O-Optimized pricingno first choicenothing named
Three alternatives
AlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Amazon RDS, Oracle Autonomous DatabaseTwo alternatives
Amazon RDS, Google Cloud SQLThree alternatives
Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL, Oracle Autonomous DatabaseTwo alternatives
Azure SQL Database vCore-based, Google Cloud SQLGemini 3.5 FlashAmazon AuroraAmazon AuroraHeldAmazon Aurora, Google Cloud SpannerAzure SQL Databaseagainst: Amazon Aurora, Amazon Aurora Serverless, Neonno first choiceagainst: Amazon Aurora, Amazon Aurora Serverless, Azure SQL Database, CockroachDB, DigitalOcean Managed Databases, ElephantSQL, Google Cloud Spanner, Microsoft SQL Server on Google Cloud SQL, Neon, Oracle Database on AWS RDS, Render Postgres, Supabase, Turso
Three alternatives
Azure SQL Database, CockroachDB, Google Cloud SpannerThree alternatives
Azure SQL Database, CockroachDB, NeonFive alternatives
AlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Azure SQL Database, CockroachDB, Oracle Autonomous Database, YugabyteDB ManagedTwo alternatives
Amazon RDS, Google Cloud SQLPerplexity SonarAmazon RDSAzure SQL DatabaseChangedAmazon Aurora, Amazon RDSGoogle Cloud SQLagainst: OracleAmazon RDSagainst: Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL, Oracle-managed relational offerings / Oracle Database–based services, PlanetScale
Three alternatives
Amazon Aurora, Azure SQL Database, PlanetScaleTwo alternatives
Amazon RDS, Google Cloud SQLThree alternatives
Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL, Oracle Base Database ServiceTwo alternatives
Azure SQL Managed Instance, Google Cloud SQLGrok 4.1 FastAmazon Web Services (AWS) Relational Database Serviceagainst: Oracle Database@Azure or OCIAmazon RDS (Relational Database Service) on AWSChangedno first choiceagainst: IBM Db2 on CloudOracle Autonomous Databaseagainst: Amazon RDS, Azure SQL DatabaseAmazon RDSagainst: Amazon Aurora Serverless, Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL, PlanetScale
Three alternatives
AlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQLTwo alternatives
Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQLTwo alternatives
AlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Google Cloud SQLFour alternatives
Aiven, Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL, PlanetScaleMistral SmallAmazon RDSAmazon RDS for SQL Server, Azure SQL DatabaseChangedno first choiceAmazon Auroraagainst: Oracle Database Enterprise Editionno first choicenothing named
Two alternatives
Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQLTwo alternatives
Google Cloud SQL for SQL Server, PostgreSQLTwo alternatives
Google Cloud Spanner, Oracle Base Database ServiceDeepSeek V4 FlashAmazon Auroraagainst: NorthflankAmazon Aurora, Azure SQL DatabaseChangedno first choiceAmazon RDSagainst: Amazon AuroraAWSagainst: Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL, RDS for Oracle
Three alternatives
Azure SQL Database, CockroachDB, Google Cloud SQLOne alternative
Google Cloud SQLTwo alternatives
Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQLThree alternatives
Azure, Crunchy Bridge, GCPLlama 4 Maverickno first choiceAzure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQLChangedno first choiceGoogle Cloud SQLno first choiceagainst: Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Database, PlanetScale
One alternative
AlloyDB for PostgreSQLQwen 3.7 FlashAmazon AuroraAzure SQL DatabaseChangedAmazon AuroraAmazon Aurorano first choiceagainst: AWS RDS MySQL, Amazon Aurora, Azure Cosmos DB, Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Elastic Pool, Azure Synapse Analytics, CockroachDB, Google Cloud Spanner, TiDB, Vitess
Two alternatives
Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SpannerTwo alternatives
Amazon Aurora, Google Cloud SQL / AlloyDBFive alternatives
AlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL, Oracle Autonomous DatabaseOne alternative
Azure SQL DatabaseKimi K2Amazon AuroraAmazon Aurora, Amazon RDS, Azure SQL DatabaseChangedno first choiceAzure SQL Managed Instanceno first choiceagainst: Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Database, Firebase, Google Cloud Spanner, IBM Db2 on Cloud, Neon, PlanetScale, Supabase, Turso, Xata
Four alternatives
Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed Instance, CockroachDB, Google Cloud SQLOne alternative
Google Cloud SQLTwo alternatives
Amazon RDS, Google Cloud SQLGLM 4.7 FlashXAmazon RDSAmazon AuroraChangedno first choiceAmazon RDSno first choiceagainst: Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Database, Oracle Autonomous Database, PlanetScale
Two alternatives
Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQLTwo alternatives
Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQLSix alternatives
AlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Amazon Aurora, Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL, Google Cloud Spanner, Oracle Autonomous DatabaseThree alternatives
Amazon Aurora, Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQLMiniMax M2.5Amazon AuroraAmazon Aurora, Azure SQL DatabaseChangedAmazon RDSno first choiceno first choicenothing named
Three alternatives
Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL, IBM Cloud Relational DatabasesOne alternative
Google Cloud SQLTwo alternatives
Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQLGPT-6 LunaAmazon AuroraAmazon RDS, Azure Database for PostgreSQL, Google Cloud SQLChangedAmazon RDS, Azure Database for PostgreSQL — Flexible Server, Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQLAzure SQL Databaseno first choiceagainst: Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS Custom for SQL Server, Azure Database for MariaDB, Azure SQL Edge, Google Cloud SQL
Three alternatives
AlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Azure Database for PostgreSQL, RDS for PostgreSQLOne alternative
Azure SQL DatabaseFour alternatives
Amazon Aurora, Google AlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Google Cloud Spanner, Oracle Autonomous DatabaseTwo alternatives
Aurora I/O-Optimized, Google Cloud SQLSix alternatives
AlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed Instance, Google Cloud SQLMuse Glimmer 30BAmazon RDSAzure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed InstanceChangedAmazon Relational Database Service – RDSAzure SQL Database, Instaclustrno first choiceagainst: Amazon Aurora, Amazon Relational Database Service – Amazon RDS, Azure SQL Database, PlanetScale
Two alternatives
Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQLTwo alternatives
Amazon RDS, Google Cloud SQLSix alternatives
AlloyDB for PostgreSQL, Amazon Aurora, Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed Instance, Google Cloud SQL, Oracle Autonomous Database on OCIThree alternatives
Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS, Oracle Database Cloud Managed ServiceBold is the first choiceAlternatives are counted; the count opens them.What the answer argued against
The record
One row per call: the version string exactly as returned, whether the model searched, sources cited, and latency. Full answer text is in the free responses file. Download the record
Eighty-four rows: every prompt, every model, every answer.
| Prompt | Model | Version string | Time (UTC) | Searched | Sources | Latency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct recommendation | Claude Haiku 4.5 | claude-haiku-4-5-20251001 | 2026-10-01 08:47 | no | 0 | 4 s |
| Direct recommendation | GPT-5.4 mini | gpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-17 | 2026-10-01 11:26 | yes | 3 | 6 s |
| Direct recommendation | Gemini 3.5 Flash | gemini-3.5-flash | 2026-10-01 11:11 | yes | 7 | 27 s |
| Direct recommendation | Perplexity Sonar | sonar | 2026-10-01 07:47 | yes | 17 | 2 s |
| Direct recommendation | Grok 4.1 Fast | spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex | 2026-10-01 09:47 | yes | 25 | 8 s |
| Direct recommendation | Mistral Small | mistral/mistral-small via mistral | 2026-10-01 08:40 | yes | 10 | 6 s |
| Direct recommendation | DeepSeek V4 Flash | deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra | 2026-10-01 13:11 | yes | 25 | 37 s |
| Direct recommendation | Llama 4 Maverick | meta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock | 2026-10-01 08:23 | yes | 5 | 1 s |
| Direct recommendation | Qwen 3.7 Flash | alibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba | 2026-10-01 10:59 | no | 0 | 31 s |
| Direct recommendation | Kimi K2 | moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita | 2026-10-01 07:36 | yes | 20 | 21 s |
| Direct recommendation | GLM 4.7 FlashX | zai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai | 2026-10-01 10:19 | yes | 25 | 42 s |
| Direct recommendation | MiniMax M2.5 | minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax | 2026-10-01 12:45 | yes | 15 | 43 s |
| Direct recommendation | GPT-6 Luna | gpt-6-luna | 2026-10-01 08:02 | yes | 4 | 24 s |
| Direct recommendation | Muse Glimmer 30B | meta/muse-glimmer-30b via togetherai | 2026-10-01 08:25 | yes | 21 | 20 s |
| Paraphrase | Claude Haiku 4.5 | claude-haiku-4-5-20251001 | 2026-10-01 11:32 | no | 0 | 4 s |
| Paraphrase | GPT-5.4 mini | gpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-17 | 2026-10-01 09:27 | yes | 3 | 4 s |
| Paraphrase | Gemini 3.5 Flash | gemini-3.5-flash | 2026-10-01 08:06 | yes | 8 | 22 s |
| Paraphrase | Perplexity Sonar | sonar | 2026-10-01 12:22 | yes | 20 | 3 s |
| Paraphrase | Grok 4.1 Fast | spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex | 2026-10-01 12:44 | yes | 20 | 6 s |
| Paraphrase | Mistral Small | mistral/mistral-small via mistral | 2026-10-01 08:15 | yes | 11 | 6 s |
| Paraphrase | DeepSeek V4 Flash | deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra | 2026-10-01 12:07 | yes | 23 | 31 s |
| Paraphrase | Llama 4 Maverick | meta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock | 2026-10-01 07:50 | yes | 5 | 1 s |
| Paraphrase | Qwen 3.7 Flash | alibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba | 2026-10-01 08:42 | yes | 5 | 48 s |
| Paraphrase | Kimi K2 | moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita | 2026-10-01 10:08 | yes | 15 | 14 s |
| Paraphrase | GLM 4.7 FlashX | zai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai | 2026-10-01 12:20 | yes | 18 | 30 s |
| Paraphrase | MiniMax M2.5 | minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax | 2026-10-01 09:40 | yes | 10 | 48 s |
| Paraphrase | GPT-6 Luna | gpt-6-luna | 2026-10-01 07:54 | yes | 2 | 16 s |
| Paraphrase | Muse Glimmer 30B | meta/muse-glimmer-30b via togetherai | 2026-10-01 07:45 | yes | 14 | 22 s |
| Comparative | Claude Haiku 4.5 | claude-haiku-4-5-20251001 | 2026-10-01 12:54 | yes | 18 | 9 s |
| Comparative | GPT-5.4 mini | gpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-17 | 2026-10-01 12:33 | yes | 7 | 10 s |
| Comparative | Gemini 3.5 Flash | gemini-3.5-flash | 2026-10-01 10:11 | yes | 20 | 37 s |
| Comparative | Perplexity Sonar | sonar | 2026-10-01 10:22 | yes | 17 | 4 s |
| Comparative | Grok 4.1 Fast | spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex | 2026-10-01 11:55 | yes | 25 | 13 s |
| Comparative | Mistral Small | mistral/mistral-small via mistral | 2026-10-01 09:10 | yes | 15 | 7 s |
| Comparative | DeepSeek V4 Flash | deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra | 2026-10-01 08:07 | yes | 21 | 32 s |
| Comparative | Llama 4 Maverick | meta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock | 2026-10-01 12:59 | yes | 5 | 1 s |
| Comparative | Qwen 3.7 Flash | alibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba | 2026-10-01 08:10 | yes | 10 | 30 s |
| Comparative | Kimi K2 | moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita | 2026-10-01 11:07 | yes | 18 | 35 s |
| Comparative | GLM 4.7 FlashX | zai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai | 2026-10-01 12:32 | yes | 15 | 29 s |
| Comparative | MiniMax M2.5 | minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax | 2026-10-01 10:38 | yes | 15 | 28 s |
| Comparative | GPT-6 Luna | gpt-6-luna | 2026-10-01 11:03 | yes | 8 | 16 s |
| Comparative | Muse Glimmer 30B | meta/muse-glimmer-30b via togetherai | 2026-10-01 13:21 | yes | 15 | 29 s |
| Budget constrained | Claude Haiku 4.5 | claude-haiku-4-5-20251001 | 2026-10-01 12:01 | yes | 18 | 9 s |
| Budget constrained | GPT-5.4 mini | gpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-17 | 2026-10-01 07:42 | yes | 4 | 4 s |
| Budget constrained | Gemini 3.5 Flash | gemini-3.5-flash | 2026-10-01 08:24 | yes | 14 | 29 s |
| Budget constrained | Perplexity Sonar | sonar | 2026-10-01 11:04 | yes | 17 | 2 s |
| Budget constrained | Grok 4.1 Fast | spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex | 2026-10-01 12:08 | yes | 24 | 17 s |
| Budget constrained | Mistral Small | mistral/mistral-small via mistral | 2026-10-01 13:10 | yes | 19 | 8 s |
| Budget constrained | DeepSeek V4 Flash | deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra | 2026-10-01 10:10 | yes | 25 | 42 s |
| Budget constrained | Llama 4 Maverick | meta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock | 2026-10-01 09:11 | yes | 5 | 3 s |
| Budget constrained | Qwen 3.7 Flash | alibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba | 2026-10-01 08:43 | yes | 5 | 31 s |
| Budget constrained | Kimi K2 | moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita | 2026-10-01 13:41 | yes | 25 | 20 s |
| Budget constrained | GLM 4.7 FlashX | zai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai | 2026-10-01 11:09 | yes | 10 | 80 s |
| Budget constrained | MiniMax M2.5 | minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax | 2026-10-01 09:13 | yes | 18 | 131 s |
| Budget constrained | GPT-6 Luna | gpt-6-luna | 2026-10-01 08:10 | yes | 3 | 15 s |
| Budget constrained | Muse Glimmer 30B | meta/muse-glimmer-30b via togetherai | 2026-10-01 10:53 | yes | 16 | 34 s |
| Scale constrained | Claude Haiku 4.5 | claude-haiku-4-5-20251001 | 2026-10-01 11:09 | yes | 19 | 13 s |
| Scale constrained | GPT-5.4 mini | gpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-17 | 2026-10-01 11:27 | no | 0 | 10 s |
| Scale constrained | Gemini 3.5 Flash | gemini-3.5-flash | 2026-10-01 10:53 | no | 0 | 17 s |
| Scale constrained | Perplexity Sonar | sonar | 2026-10-01 12:23 | yes | 16 | 6 s |
| Scale constrained | Grok 4.1 Fast | spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex | 2026-10-01 08:27 | yes | 19 | 10 s |
| Scale constrained | Mistral Small | mistral/mistral-small via mistral | 2026-10-01 11:49 | no | 0 | 9 s |
| Scale constrained | DeepSeek V4 Flash | deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra | 2026-10-01 08:46 | yes | 25 | 43 s |
| Scale constrained | Llama 4 Maverick | meta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock | 2026-10-01 11:57 | yes | 5 | 1 s |
| Scale constrained | Qwen 3.7 Flash | alibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba | 2026-10-01 12:47 | yes | 15 | 76 s |
| Scale constrained | Kimi K2 | moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita | 2026-10-01 12:04 | yes | 25 | 41 s |
| Scale constrained | GLM 4.7 FlashX | zai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai | 2026-10-01 11:23 | yes | 24 | 51 s |
| Scale constrained | MiniMax M2.5 | minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax | 2026-10-01 13:01 | yes | 5 | 34 s |
| Scale constrained | GPT-6 Luna | gpt-6-luna | 2026-10-01 10:48 | yes | 4 | 20 s |
| Scale constrained | Muse Glimmer 30B | meta/muse-glimmer-30b via togetherai | 2026-10-01 08:35 | yes | 15 | 34 s |
| Negative framing | Claude Haiku 4.5 | claude-haiku-4-5-20251001 | 2026-10-01 07:55 | yes | 18 | 9 s |
| Negative framing | GPT-5.4 mini | gpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-17 | 2026-10-01 13:11 | no | 0 | 5 s |
| Negative framing | Gemini 3.5 Flash | gemini-3.5-flash | 2026-10-01 08:20 | yes | 9 | 27 s |
| Negative framing | Perplexity Sonar | sonar | 2026-10-01 13:11 | yes | 17 | 3 s |
| Negative framing | Grok 4.1 Fast | spacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex | 2026-10-01 12:15 | yes | 23 | 15 s |
| Negative framing | Mistral Small | mistral/mistral-small via mistral | 2026-10-01 08:35 | yes | 12 | 9 s |
| Negative framing | DeepSeek V4 Flash | deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra | 2026-10-01 08:21 | yes | 25 | 30 s |
| Negative framing | Llama 4 Maverick | meta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock | 2026-10-01 13:41 | yes | 5 | 2 s |
| Negative framing | Qwen 3.7 Flash | alibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba | 2026-10-01 13:36 | no | 0 | 43 s |
| Negative framing | Kimi K2 | moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita | 2026-10-01 11:09 | yes | 25 | 36 s |
| Negative framing | GLM 4.7 FlashX | zai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai | 2026-10-01 09:59 | yes | 23 | 50 s |
| Negative framing | MiniMax M2.5 | minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax | 2026-10-01 08:06 | no | 0 | 45 s |
| Negative framing | GPT-6 Luna | gpt-6-luna | 2026-10-01 09:24 | yes | 4 | 20 s |
| Negative framing | Muse Glimmer 30B | meta/muse-glimmer-30b via togetherai | 2026-10-01 11:50 | yes | 20 | 26 s |
Normalization in this category
Every judgment call made between the raw labels and the numbers above, listed so it is visible and reversible.
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Category-scoped readings
AWS Amazon Aurora read as Amazon Aurora
AWS RDS / Aurora read as Amazon RDS
AWS RDS/Aurora read as Amazon RDS
AlloyDB read as AlloyDB for PostgreSQL
Amazon RDS / Aurora (AWS) read as Amazon RDS
Amazon RDS/Aurora read as Amazon RDS
Azure SQL read as Azure SQL Database
DigitalOcean read as DigitalOcean Managed Databases
Oracle Database Cloud Service read as Oracle Base Database Service
Render read as Render Postgres
Unresolved, counted raw
AWS RDS MySQL
Amazon Aurora with I/O-Optimized pricing
Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service) on AWS
Amazon RDS Custom for SQL Server
Amazon Relational Database Service – Amazon RDS
Amazon Relational Database Service – RDS
Amazon Web Services (AWS) Relational Database Service (RDS)
Aurora I/O-Optimized
Azure Database Services
Azure Database for PostgreSQL — Flexible Server
Azure SQL Database vCore-based
Azure SQL Edge
Azure SQL Elastic Pool
CockroachDB Cloud
Crunchy Bridge for Postgres
Db2
Exadata
Google Cloud SQL for SQL Server
IBM Cloud Relational Databases
Microsoft SQL Server on Google Cloud SQL
MySQL HeatWave
Oracle Autonomous Database on OCI
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Database
Oracle Database Cloud Managed Service
Oracle Database Enterprise Edition
Oracle Database on AWS RDS
Oracle Database@Azure or OCI
Oracle Database@Azure/OCI
Oracle Database@Cloud
Oracle-managed relational offerings / Oracle Database–based services
Percona Managed Services
PostgreSQL on RDS/Cloud SQL/Azure Database
PostgreSQL on managed platforms
RDS for Oracle
RDS for PostgreSQL
Standard RDS
TiDB Cloud
Vitess
Xata
Discontinued, still offered
No shut-down product was recommended here.