IT AI Index
September 2026 Edition · The permanent record of this edition. The unqualified address always carries the latest edition.
Index › Data platform › Data warehouses › Enterprise › September 2026 Edition

Data warehouses for enterprise buyers

Asked as “cloud data warehouse”, and as “analytical data warehouse platform”, on behalf of an enterprise B2B company. 39 first choices recorded across the direct, paraphrase, budget and scale prompts, twelve models each.
Standing
Snowflake
Clear leader
72% of first choices, clear leader.
ShowinginAll 67 categories in the September 2026 Edition →

By buyer segment

The same question asked on behalf of a different buyer. Each standing is computed within its segment; they sit side by side and are never added together.
Small businessGoogle BigQuery80%Clear leaderStanding →Mid-marketSnowflake47%Clear leaderStanding →EnterpriseSnowflake72%Clear leaderThis page

01The standing

Share is the count of first choices across the direct, paraphrase, budget and scale prompts, over all twelve models, for an enterprise B2B company. Ordered by share.
ProductFirst-choice shareNegative rateLabelsQuadrant
01Snowflake72%22%67endorsed leader
02Amazon Redshift15%25%65accepted challenger
03Google BigQuery13%16%68accepted challenger
Show the five products at 0%, ordered by negative rate
07Azure Synapse Analytics0%29%24criticized challenger
08ClickHouse Cloud0%27%11criticized challenger
05Microsoft Fabric0%16%19accepted challenger
06Databricks SQL0%15%13accepted challenger
04Databricks0%11%35accepted challenger
Bars are the share of first choices, 0 to 100Every product with at least 10 labels here. Every product name links to its vendor page.
Head to head
Snowflake vs Google BigQuerySnowflake vs ClickHouse CloudGoogle BigQuery vs ClickHouse Cloud

One product takes 72% of first choices here, so the chart would put seven markers in one corner and one at the far edge. The two measurements it plots are columns in the standing above: share, and the negative label rate. Two products carry a negative rate above 25% in this category. Jump to the standing

02What they warned about

Ten of twelve models held their first choice under the paraphrase. Claude Haiku 4.5 and Mistral Small changed. A high negative share on a product with few labels is a warning. A low share on a product with many labels is salience, not sentiment.
Amazon Redshift
25%
16 of 65 labels negative · 11 of 12 models · 2 hard negative
“Redshift wins almost nowhere in 2026 unless your stack is AWS-locked and you need RA3 features” Claude Haiku 4.5, negative prompt
Snowflake
22%
15 of 67 labels negative · 11 of 12 models
“Some traditional cloud data warehouses (such as older architectures of Snowflake, Redshift, and BigQuery) may struggle with ultra-fast queries, real-time data ingestion” Mistral Small, negative prompt
Google BigQuery
16%
11 of 68 labels negative · 9 of 12 models · 1 hard negative
“avoid warehouses that are tightly coupled to one cloud (e.g., Azure Synapse for Azure-only, BigQuery for GCP-only)” Mistral Small, negative prompt
Azure Synapse Analytics
29%
7 of 24 labels negative · 6 of 12 models · 2 hard negative
“avoid warehouses that are tightly coupled to one cloud (e.g., Azure Synapse for Azure-only, BigQuery for GCP-only)” Mistral Small, negative prompt

03What they cite

Citations exist only for the models that return a source list: twelve of the twelve in this edition, and all six flagship models on the expanded tier.

Sites the answers cite

63 of 72 answers in this category came back with a source list, from 12 of 12 models: citations where the model returns them, or the search results it consulted. 5 of those lists are Google grounding redirects that name no site and are left out of the counts. 842 links across 267 sites, every framing counted. Ranked by the number of answers carrying the site or page.

clickhouse.com
27 answers · 40 citations · 10 models
domo.com
vendor site · Domo24 answers · 24 citations · 10 models
fortegrp.com
20 answers · 20 citations · 8 models
atlan.com
19 answers · 19 citations · 7 models
scnsoft.com
17 answers · 17 citations · 10 models
cloud.google.com
16 answers · 25 citations · 8 models
ovaledge.com
15 answers · 16 citations · 9 models
solutionsreview.com
13 answers · 14 citations · 8 models
medium.com
12 answers · 14 citations · 6 models
checkthat.ai
12 answers · 13 citations · 8 models
worldmetrics.org
12 answers · 12 citations · 7 models
motherduck.com
vendor site · MotherDuck11 answers · 21 citations · 6 models

Pages the answers cite

The ten pages named in the most answers, by full address. A page here is one the models returned with a recommendation, not one the index endorses.

clickhouse.com/resources/engineering/top-5-cloud-data-warehouses
24 answers · 10 models
domo.com/learn/article/best-data-warehouse-platforms
24 answers · 10 models
fortegrp.com/insights/best-cloud-data-warehouse
20 answers · 8 models
atlan.com/best-cloud-data-warehouses
19 answers · 7 models
scnsoft.com/data/data-warehouse/cloud
15 answers · 10 models
ovaledge.com/blog/cloud-data-warehouse-solutions
13 answers · 7 models
clickhouse.com/blog/cloud-data-warehouses-cost-performance-comparison
11 answers · 7 models
solutionsreview.com/data-management/the-best-cloud-data-warehouse-solutions-2
11 answers · 7 models
brickclay.com/cloud-data-warehouses-for-enterprise-amazon-vs-azure-vs-googl…
10 answers · 6 models
double.cloud/blog/posts/2024/09/cloud-data-warehouse-solutions
10 answers · 5 models

04How they answered

Six framings of the same buying question, each sent to every model in a fresh session with search on. One row per model, so a row shows whether it held its answer under rewording, what it named when cost was the constraint, and what it argued against. Computed from the raw judge labels.
ModelDirect“What is the best cloud data warehouse for an enterprise B2B company?”Paraphrase“Which analytical data warehouse platform would you recommend to a large B2B company with thousands of employees?”Comparative“What are the top enterprise-grade cloud data warehouses and how do they differ?”Budget-constrained“What is the best cloud data warehouse for a large company that needs predictable total cost across thousands of users?”Scale-constrained“We are a 5,000 person company with SSO, SOC 2 and procurement review requirements evaluating a cloud data warehouse. What should we look at?”Negative“Which cloud data warehouses should a large enterprise avoid or be cautious about?”
Claude Haiku 4.5Snowflake
Three alternativesAmazon Redshift, Azure Synapse Analytics, Google BigQuery
no first choiceChangedno first choiceAmazon Redshift
Three alternativesClickHouse Cloud, Google BigQuery, MotherDuck
against: Snowflakeno first choiceagainst: Amazon Redshift, Google BigQuery, Snowflake
GPT-5.4 miniSnowflake
Three alternativesAmazon Redshift, Databricks SQL, Google BigQuery
SnowflakeHeld
Three alternativesAmazon Redshift, Databricks SQL, Google BigQuery
Snowflake
Three alternativesAmazon Redshift, Google BigQuery, Microsoft Fabric Warehouse / Azure Synapse dedicated SQL pool
Snowflake
One alternativeGoogle BigQuery
no first choiceagainst: Amazon Redshift, Databricks, Snowflake
Gemini 3.5 FlashSnowflake
Three alternativesDatabricks, Google BigQuery, Microsoft Fabric
SnowflakeHeld
Two alternativesDatabricks, Microsoft Fabric
Databricks, Snowflake
Three alternativesAmazon Redshift, Google BigQuery, Microsoft Fabric
against: Azure Synapse AnalyticsAmazon Redshift, Google BigQuery
One alternativeMicrosoft Fabric / Azure Synapse
against: Snowflakeno first choiceagainst: Amazon Redshift, Azure Synapse Analytics, Firebolt, Google BigQuery, IBM Netezza on Cloud, Oracle Autonomous Data Warehouse, Snowflake, Teradata Vantage
Perplexity SonarSnowflake
Four alternativesAmazon Redshift, Databricks, Google BigQuery, Microsoft Fabric
SnowflakeHeld
Four alternativesAmazon Redshift, Azure Synapse Analytics, Databricks SQL, Google BigQuery
Snowflake
Four alternativesAmazon Redshift, Databricks, Google BigQuery, Microsoft Fabric
Amazon Redshift
Two alternativesGoogle BigQuery, Snowflake
no first choiceagainst: Amazon Redshift, Azure Synapse/Fabric, Databricks SQL, Google BigQuery, Snowflake
Grok 4.1 FastSnowflake
Three alternativesAmazon Redshift, Databricks, Google BigQuery
SnowflakeHeld
Three alternativesAmazon Redshift, Databricks, Google BigQuery
no first choiceSnowflake
Two alternativesAmazon Redshift, Google BigQuery
against: DatabricksGoogle BigQuery, Snowflake
Three alternativesAzure Synapse Analytics, Databricks, Firebolt
against: Amazon Redshift, Azure Synapse Analytics, ClickHouse Cloud, Databricks SQL, Google BigQuery, Microsoft Fabric, Snowflake
Mistral SmallSnowflake
Two alternativesDatabricks, Google BigQuery
against: Amazon RedshiftAmazon Redshift, SnowflakeChanged
Three alternativesDatabricks SQL, Google BigQuery, Microsoft Fabric
no first choiceSnowflake
One alternativeAmazon Redshift
against: Google BigQuerySnowflake
Two alternativesDatabricks SQL, Google BigQuery
against: Amazon Redshift, Microsoft Fabricagainst: Amazon Redshift, Azure Synapse Analytics, Google BigQuery, Snowflake
DeepSeek V4 FlashSnowflake
Five alternativesAmazon Redshift, ClickHouse Cloud, Databricks, Google BigQuery, Microsoft Fabric / Azure Synapse
SnowflakeHeld
One alternativeDatabricks
against: Amazon Redshift, Google BigQueryno first choiceGoogle BigQuery
One alternativeAmazon Redshift
against: SnowflakeSnowflake
Two alternativesAmazon Redshift, Google BigQuery
against: Amazon Redshift, Azure Synapse Analytics, ClickHouse Cloud, Exasol, Microsoft Fabric, Snowflake, Teradata Vantage, Vertica
Llama 4 Maverickno first choiceno first choiceHeldGoogle BigQuery, Snowflake
Five alternativesAmazon Redshift, Azure Synapse Analytics, ClickHouse Cloud, Databricks, Microsoft Fabric
Amazon Redshift
Five alternativesAmazon Athena, Azure Synapse Analytics, Azure reserved instances, ClickHouse Cloud, Google BigQuery
no first choicenothing named
Qwen 3.7 FlashSnowflake
Four alternativesAmazon Redshift, Databricks, Google BigQuery, Microsoft Fabric
SnowflakeHeld
Three alternativesAmazon Redshift, Databricks, Google BigQuery
Databricks, Snowflake
Three alternativesAmazon Redshift, Google BigQuery, Microsoft Fabric
Amazon Redshift
One alternativeAzure Synapse Analytics
against: Google BigQuery, Snowflakeno first choiceagainst: Amazon Athena, Amazon Redshift, Apache Druid, Apache Spark, ClickHouse Cloud, Databricks, Google BigQuery, Oracle Exadata, QuestDB, Snowflake, Teradata Vantage
Kimi K2Snowflake
Three alternativesAmazon Redshift, Databricks, Google BigQuery
SnowflakeHeld
Two alternativesDatabricks, Google BigQuery
Snowflake
Three alternativesAmazon Redshift, Azure Synapse Analytics, Google BigQuery
Google BigQuery
Two alternativesAmazon Redshift, Snowflake
no first choiceagainst: Amazon Redshift, Azure Synapse Analytics, Databricks, Google BigQuery, Snowflake
GLM 4.7 FlashXSnowflake
Four alternativesAmazon Redshift, Azure Synapse Analytics, Databricks, Google BigQuery
SnowflakeHeld
Two alternativesAmazon Redshift, Google BigQuery
Snowflake
Eight alternativesAmazon Redshift, Azure Synapse Analytics, ClickHouse Cloud, Databricks SQL, Google BigQuery, Microsoft Fabric, Oracle Autonomous Data Warehouse, SAP Datasphere
Google BigQuery
Two alternativesAmazon Redshift, Snowflake
no first choiceagainst: Amazon Redshift, Azure Synapse Analytics, Google BigQuery, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, Snowflake
MiniMax M2.5Snowflake
Two alternativesDatabricks, Google BigQuery
against: Amazon RedshiftSnowflakeHeld
Three alternativesAmazon Redshift, Databricks, Google BigQuery
Google BigQuery, Snowflake
Four alternativesAmazon Redshift, Azure Synapse Analytics, Databricks SQL, Microsoft Fabric
Snowflake
One alternativeGoogle BigQuery
against: Amazon Redshiftno first choiceagainst: Amazon Redshift, Snowflake
Bold is the first choiceAlternatives are counted; the count opens them.What the answer argued against

05The record

One row per call: the version string exactly as returned, whether the model searched, sources cited, and latency. Full answer text is in the free responses file. Download the record
Seventy-two rows: every prompt, every model, every answer.
PromptModelVersion stringTime (UTC)SearchedSourcesLatency
Direct recommendationClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 09:08no04 s
Direct recommendationGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 09:11yes28 s
Direct recommendationGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 09:08yes1424 s
Direct recommendationPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 09:03yes207 s
Direct recommendationGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-09-17 08:56yes3316 s
Direct recommendationMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 08:29yes1413 s
Direct recommendationDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 09:05yes717 s
Direct recommendationLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 08:41yes52 s
Direct recommendationQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 09:06no039 s
Direct recommendationKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 08:37yes1024 s
Direct recommendationGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 09:11yes981 s
Direct recommendationMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 08:25yes1021 s
ParaphraseClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 08:25no05 s
ParaphraseGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 08:37yes55 s
ParaphraseGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 08:41yes821 s
ParaphrasePerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 08:20yes205 s
ParaphraseGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-09-17 08:17yes148 s
ParaphraseMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 08:51yes1111 s
ParaphraseDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 09:11yes1920 s
ParaphraseLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 08:52yes52 s
ParaphraseQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 08:52yes1032 s
ParaphraseKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 08:40yes1433 s
ParaphraseGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 08:43no08 s
ParaphraseMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 08:32yes537 s
ComparativeClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 08:45yes1814 s
ComparativeGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 08:18yes410 s
ComparativeGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 09:05yes1631 s
ComparativePerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 08:43yes208 s
ComparativeGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-09-17 08:19yes148 s
ComparativeMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 08:29yes55 s
ComparativeDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 08:17yes1013 s
ComparativeLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 09:09yes54 s
ComparativeQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 08:25yes533 s
ComparativeKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 08:29yes1028 s
ComparativeGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 08:53yes1980 s
ComparativeMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 09:05yes519 s
Budget constrainedClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 08:37yes1713 s
Budget constrainedGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 08:27yes66 s
Budget constrainedGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 08:23yes1930 s
Budget constrainedPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 09:11yes205 s
Budget constrainedGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-09-17 08:37yes2914 s
Budget constrainedMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 09:04yes78 s
Budget constrainedDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 08:22yes1724 s
Budget constrainedLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 08:59yes52 s
Budget constrainedQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 08:24yes1075 s
Budget constrainedKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 08:45yes1021 s
Budget constrainedGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 08:36yes29161 s
Budget constrainedMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 08:19yes19101 s
Scale constrainedClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 08:40yes1811 s
Scale constrainedGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 09:08yes47 s
Scale constrainedGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 08:57no017 s
Scale constrainedPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 08:41yes208 s
Scale constrainedGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-09-17 08:17yes2513 s
Scale constrainedMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 08:57no07 s
Scale constrainedDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 08:33yes3023 s
Scale constrainedLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 08:54yes53 s
Scale constrainedQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 08:46no040 s
Scale constrainedKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 08:17yes2548 s
Scale constrainedGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 08:55yes1355 s
Scale constrainedMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 08:42no016 s
Negative framingClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-09-17 09:08yes2713 s
Negative framingGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-09-17 08:22yes48 s
Negative framingGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-09-17 08:21yes827 s
Negative framingPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-09-17 08:36yes209 s
Negative framingGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-09-17 08:53yes2415 s
Negative framingMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-09-17 08:51yes1913 s
Negative framingDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via fireworks2026-09-17 08:31yes2437 s
Negative framingLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-09-17 09:12yes53 s
Negative framingQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-09-17 08:28no050 s
Negative framingKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-09-17 08:51yes2445 s
Negative framingGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-09-17 08:38yes3442 s
Negative framingMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-09-17 08:24yes2481 s

Normalization in this category

Every judgment call made between the raw labels and the numbers above, listed so it is visible and reversible.

Category-scoped readings
Azure Synapse read as Azure Synapse Analytics
Teradata read as Teradata Vantage
Unresolved, counted raw
Azure reserved instances
Cloudera Data Platform
Exasol
IBM Netezza on Cloud
Microsoft Fabric Warehouse / Azure Synapse dedicated SQL pool
QuestDB
Redshift Spectrum
Vertica
Yellowbrick (Distributed Cloud)
Discontinued, still offered
No shut-down product was recommended here.

Also in data platform

The other categories of this function, with the leader in each.
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