AI Indexes
IT AI Index
September 2026 Edition, published September 17, 2026 · The permanent record of that edition, superseded since. The current standing is on the category page →
Index › Data platform › September 2026 Edition

Data virtualization

Asked as “data virtualization platform”, and as “data fabric for federated queries”, on behalf of a mid-market B2B company. 54 first choices recorded across the direct, paraphrase, budget and scale prompts, twelve models each. Added to the September 2026 Edition; its answers are read by the distilled judge (ai-indexes-judge-qwen3-14b-run3), not the claude-opus-5 judge of the earlier categories: how the two compare.
Standing · first-choice share
28%
Contested · Trino 15%
28Denodo15Trino13Starburst Galaxy44others

28% of first choices, contested.

By buyer segment

The same question asked on behalf of a different buyer. Each standing is computed within its segment; they sit side by side and are never added together.

The standing

Share is the count of first choices across the direct, paraphrase, budget and scale prompts, over all twelve models, for a mid-market B2B company. Ordered by share.
ProductFirst-choice shareNegative rateLabelsQuadrant
01Denodo28%35%66criticized challenger
02Trino15%17%18accepted challenger
03Starburst Galaxy13%0%13accepted challenger
04Starburst11%6%32accepted challenger
05Dremio9%3%35accepted challenger
06CData Virtuality4%0%10accepted challenger
07TIBCO Data Virtualization2%35%34criticized challenger
Show the three products at 0%, ordered by negative rate
10IBM Data Virtualization0%36%11criticized challenger
09IBM Cloud Pak for Data0%25%12criticized challenger
Bars are the share of first choices, 0 to 100Every product with at least 10 labels here. Every product name links to its product page.

Recommended versus criticized

Every product with at least 10 labels here, on both axes. The 30% line names a quadrant, not the verdict above: that one needs more than 40%.

Criticized challengerCriticized default
Negative label rate →
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
I09
I10
Accepted challengerEndorsed leader
0%First-choice share → · lines at 30% share and 25% negative40%
Key
01Denodo28%
02Trino15%
03Starburst Galaxy13%
04Starburst11%
05Dremio9%
06CData Virtuality4%
07TIBCO Data Virtualization2%
08Informatica Intelligent Data Management Cloud0%
09IBM Cloud Pak for Data0%
10IBM Data Virtualization0%

What they warned about

Four of twelve models held their first choice under the paraphrase. GPT-5.4 mini, Gemini 3.5 Flash, Mistral Small, DeepSeek V4 Flash, Qwen 3.7 Flash, Kimi K2, GLM 4.7 FlashX and MiniMax M2.5 changed. A high negative share on a product with few labels is a warning. A low share on a product with many labels is salience, not sentiment.
Denodo
35%
23 of 66 labels negative · 12 of 12 models · 2 hard negative
“What to Avoid on a Tight Budget ... **Denodo** | ~$180,000/year | Enterprise pricing is out of reach” DeepSeek V4 Flash, budget prompt
TIBCO Data Virtualization
35%
12 of 34 labels negative · 7 of 12 models · 1 hard negative
“one data science professional described their experience with a TIBCO-based platform as "so slow and shitty"” DeepSeek V4 Flash, negative prompt
IBM Data Virtualization
36%
4 of 11 labels negative · 3 of 12 models · 1 hard negative
“**IBM Data Virtualization** | Custom/enterprise tier | No free plan, expensive licensing” DeepSeek V4 Flash, budget prompt
IBM Cloud Pak for Data
25%
3 of 12 labels negative · 3 of 12 models
“IBM Cloud Pak for Data can feel "heavy" and over-engineered for companies not already in the IBM ecosystem” Claude Haiku 4.5, negative prompt

What they cite

Citations exist only for the models that return a source list: fourteen of the twelve in this edition, and all six flagship models on the expanded tier.

Sites the answers cite

78 of 84 answers in this category came back with a source list, from 14 of 12 models: citations where the model returns them, or the search results it consulted. 1132 links across 237 sites, every framing counted. Ranked by the number of answers carrying the site or page.

vendor site · Domo39 answers · 39 citations · 12 models
36 answers · 37 citations · 12 models
35 answers · 54 citations · 11 models
vendor site · Promethium28 answers · 38 citations · 12 models
28 answers · 28 citations · 10 models
vendor site · G227 answers · 45 citations · 11 models
25 answers · 29 citations · 11 models
22 answers · 34 citations · 10 models
vendor site · Denodo22 answers · 28 citations · 10 models
vendor site · SourceForge22 answers · 24 citations · 10 models
vendor site · Airbyte22 answers · 22 citations · 13 models
vendor site · ZipDo.co20 answers · 20 citations · 10 models

Pages the answers cite

The ten pages named in the most answers, by full address. A page here is one the models returned with a recommendation, not one the index endorses.

Search against answers

Each company's standing in the answers beside its site's footprint in Google search, one row a site: the products the models named on it with their shares, and the share they add up to; monthly searches on Google, and DataForSEO's estimate of AI search demand (modeled from search signals, directional, not a count of queries to any assistant), for the most-searched of the company's and its products' names (the name is in each row's hover text); estimated monthly organic visits to the site; and its best position in Google's top ten for “best data virtualization platform”, “data virtualization platform”, “data virtualization platforms”. US estimates from DataForSEO and Google's Ads Transparency Center. A small company's site, or a mid-sized company's site for its flagship, is marked company; a product on a large parent's site (Google, Microsoft) has no site figures. A column with no figures for this category is left out, and an empty cell means none were seen, not none exist. Two measurements side by side: neither is read as the cause of the other.
Company and productsShareOwn site citedName searches, GoogleAI search demand, est.Organic visitsPaid search a month, est.Google ads, last 30 daysBest Google position
Denodo denodo.com28%1942,40010913,422351
Starburst starburst.io
Starburst Galaxy 13%, Starburst 11%
24%7374,00012,4706,70325
Dremio dremio.com
Dremio 9%, Dremio Community Edition 6%, Dremio Cloud 2%
17%872,9009955,60608
Trino trino.io15%536,60094111,954
CData Virtuality cdata.com
CData Virtuality 4%, CData Connect Cloud 2%
6%3070419,412120
TIBCO Data Virtualization tibco.com2%9370348,161
Teiid teiid.io2%25170373
AtScale atscale.com2%131,6002314,764$61959
Informatica parent site
Informatica Data Virtualization 2%
2%1014,8001,414
Apache Teiid2%

Google's top ten for the three searches hold 19 sites; 5 of them are among the sites the models cited here (denodo.com, domo.com, dremio.com, promethium.ai, thectoclub.com). The first result for “best data virtualization platform” is gartner.com.

How they answered

Six framings of the same buying question, each sent to every model in a fresh session with search on. One row per model, so a row shows whether it held its answer under rewording, what it named when cost was the constraint, and what it argued against. Computed from the raw judge labels.
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ModelDirect“What is the best data virtualization platform for a mid-market B2B company?”Paraphrase“Which data fabric for federated queries would you recommend to a mid-sized B2B company?”Comparative“What are the top data virtualization platforms and how do they differ?”Budget-constrained“What is the best data virtualization platform for a company with a limited budget?”Scale-constrained“We are a 500 person company evaluating a data virtualization platform. What should we look at?”Negative“Which data virtualization platforms should I avoid or be cautious about?”
Claude Haiku 4.5Denodo
Three alternativesCData Virtuality, Dremio, TIBCO Data Virtualization
DenodoHeld
Two alternativesMicrosoft Fabric, Starburst
Denodo
Four alternativesIBM Cloud Pak for Data, Red Hat JBoss Data Virtualization, SAP HANA, TIBCO Data Virtualization
Accelario, Teiid
One alternativeDremio
no first choiceagainst: IBM Cloud Pak for Data, Microsoft
GPT-5.4 miniDenodo
Two alternativesIBM Data Virtualization, TIBCO Data Virtualization
DremioChanged
Two alternativesIBM watsonx.data, Starburst
Denodo
Five alternativesDremio, IBM Data Virtualization, SAP HANA Smart Data Access, Starburst, Trino
Trino
One alternativeDremio
against: Denodo
no first choiceagainst: Denodo, TIBCO Data Virtualization, Trino
Gemini 3.5 FlashCData Virtuality
Three alternativesCData Connect Cloud, Denodo, Dremio
Dremio Cloud, Starburst GalaxyChanged
One alternativeDatabricks Lakehouse Federation
against: Denodo
Denodo
Five alternativesDremio, IBM Cloud Pak for Data / Watson Query, SAP Datasphere, Starburst, TIBCO Data Virtualization
Dremio
Four alternativesAWS Athena, CData Connect Cloud, Google Cloud BigQuery Omni, Trino
against: Denodo, Denodo Express, IBM Cloud Pak for Data, TIBCO Data Virtualization
CData Connect Cloud
Three alternativesAtScale, Dremio, Starburst Galaxy
against: Denodo
against: Actifio Virtual Data Pipeline, Microsoft SQL Server PolyBase, Oracle Data Service Integrator, Oracle Database Gateways, PostgreSQL Foreign Data Wrappers, Red Hat JBoss Data Virtualization, SAP HANA Smart Data Integration, TIBCO Data Virtualization, Teiid
Perplexity SonarDenodo
Three alternativesCData Virtuality, IBM Cloud Pak for Data, TIBCO Data Virtualization
DenodoHeld
Three alternativesIBM Cloud Pak for Data, SAP Datasphere, Starburst
no first choiceTrino
One alternativeDremio
against: Denodo, IBM Data Virtualization
no first choiceagainst: Apache Drill, CloverDX, Denodo, Informatica Intelligent Data Management Cloud, Pentaho, Presto, Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Data Virtualization, Trino
Grok 4.1 FastDenodo
Four alternativesDremio, IBM Data Virtualization, Starburst Galaxy, TIBCO Data Virtualization
DenodoHeld
Two alternativesDremio, Starburst Galaxy
Denodo
Five alternativesIBM Cloud Pak for Data / IBM Data Virtualization, Informatica Intelligent Data Management Cloud, Oracle Data Virtualization, Red Hat JBoss, SAP HANA
against: TIBCO Data Virtualization
Starburst Galaxy
Two alternativesDremio, Teiid
against: Denodo, TIBCO Data Virtualization
no first choiceagainst: Denodo, SAP HANA, TIBCO Data Virtualization
Mistral SmallInformatica Data Virtualization, TIBCO Data Virtualization
Three alternativesCData Virtuality, IBM Data Virtualization, Red Hat JBoss Data Virtualization
Denodo, StarburstChanged
Two alternativesDatabricks, Microsoft Fabric
Denodo
Five alternativesData Virtuality, IBM Cloud Pak for Data, Informatica Intelligent Data Management Cloud, Microsoft Fabric, Red Hat JBoss Data Virtualization
Trinono first choiceagainst: Denodo, IBM Watson Query
DeepSeek V4 FlashDenodo
Three alternativesDremio, Starburst Galaxy, TIBCO Data Virtualization
against: IBM Data Virtualization
StarburstChanged
Three alternativesAmazon Athena Federated Query, Denodo, Microsoft Fabric
against: IBM
Denodo
Five alternativesCData Virtuality, Dremio, IBM Cloud Pak for Data, Starburst, TIBCO Data Virtualization
Dremio Community Edition
Two alternativesDremio Cloud, Trino
against: Denodo, IBM Data Virtualization, Starburst
Denodo, Dremio, Starburst
One alternativeTIBCO DV
against: Data Virtuality, Denodo, TIBCO Data Virtualization
Llama 4 Maverickno first choiceno first choiceHeldno first choiceno first choiceno first choicenothing named
Qwen 3.7 FlashStarburst Galaxy
One alternativeDremio
against: Denodo
StarburstChanged
Two alternativesDenodo, Snowflake
against: Databricks
Denodo, TIBCO Data Virtualization
Two alternativesDremio, Informatica Intelligent Data Management Cloud
Trino
Three alternativesAWS Glue, Dremio, Teiid
Denodo
Four alternativesActian, Dremio, Starburst, TIBCO Data Virtualization
against: Actian PDW, Apache Drill, Apache Trino, CA Technologies tools, Denodo, Informatica PowerCenter, Microsoft Azure Analysis Services
Kimi K2Starburst Galaxy
Two alternativesCData Connect Cloud, Dremio Cloud
against: Denodo
StarburstChanged
Two alternativesDenodo, Microsoft Fabric
against: Cinchy, Databricks, IBM, Oracle Data Virtualization
Denodo
Five alternativesIBM Cloud Pak for Data, Informatica Data Virtualization, Microsoft Azure Arc / SQL Server, Oracle Data Integrator, Starburst
against: Dremio
Trino
Three alternativesApache Teiid, Dremio Community Edition, Starburst
against: Denodo, TIBCO Data Virtualization
no first choiceagainst: Databricks, Informatica Intelligent Data Management Cloud, Starburst, TIBCO Data Virtualizationagainst: Cisco Data Virtualization, Denodo, IBM, IBM Cloud Pak for Data, SAP HANA, Strategy Mosaic, TIBCO Data Virtualization
GLM 4.7 FlashXDenodo
Three alternativesIBM watsonx.data, Informatica Data Virtualization, TIBCO Data Virtualization
Starburst GalaxyChanged
Two alternativesDatabricks SQL, Microsoft Fabric
against: Denodo
Denodo
Four alternativesIBM, Informatica Intelligent Data Management Cloud, Microsoft, Red Hat
CData Virtuality, Trino
One alternativeRed Hat JBoss Data Virtualization
against: Denodo
no first choicenothing named
MiniMax M2.5Denodo
Three alternativesTIBCO Data Virtualization, Teiid, Trino
Denodo, Starburst GalaxyChanged
Three alternativesAtScale, Cloudera Unified Data Fabric, Dremio Cloud
Denodo
Four alternativesIBM Cloud Pak for Data, Informatica Intelligent Data Management Cloud, Red Hat JBoss Data Virtualization, TIBCO Data Virtualization
Trino
Three alternativesQuery Streams, Teiid, Virtuoso Universal Server
no first choiceagainst: Denodo, IBM Data Virtualization, TIBCO Data Virtualization
Bold is the first choiceAlternatives are counted; the count opens them.What the answer argued against

The record

One row per call: the version string exactly as returned, whether the model searched, sources cited, and latency. Full answer text is in the free responses file. Download the record
Seventy-two rows: every prompt, every model, every answer.
PromptModelVersion stringTime (UTC)SearchedSourcesLatency
Direct recommendationClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-10-05 01:02yes168 s
Direct recommendationGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-10-05 00:39yes44 s
Direct recommendationGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-10-04 23:36yes1527 s
Direct recommendationPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-10-05 01:21yes253 s
Direct recommendationGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-10-05 01:16yes2310 s
Direct recommendationMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-10-04 22:52yes97 s
Direct recommendationDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra2026-10-05 00:56yes2431 s
Direct recommendationLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-10-04 23:03yes53 s
Direct recommendationQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-10-05 00:17yes1437 s
Direct recommendationKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-10-04 23:37yes2223 s
Direct recommendationGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-10-05 00:43yes1951 s
Direct recommendationMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-10-04 22:11yes1231 s
ParaphraseClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-10-05 00:00yes1811 s
ParaphraseGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-10-05 00:25yes34 s
ParaphraseGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-10-04 23:50yes1426 s
ParaphrasePerplexity Sonarsonar2026-10-04 22:45yes154 s
ParaphraseGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-10-05 00:41yes2317 s
ParaphraseMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-10-05 00:24yes108 s
ParaphraseDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra2026-10-05 01:50yes2539 s
ParaphraseLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-10-05 01:29yes52 s
ParaphraseQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-10-04 22:51no025 s
ParaphraseKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-10-05 00:00yes2321 s
ParaphraseGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-10-05 01:24yes2435 s
ParaphraseMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-10-05 01:52yes1397 s
ComparativeClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-10-04 23:58yes169 s
ComparativeGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-10-04 22:27yes210 s
ComparativeGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-10-05 00:40yes1231 s
ComparativePerplexity Sonarsonar2026-10-05 01:23yes166 s
ComparativeGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-10-05 00:36yes2213 s
ComparativeMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-10-05 01:40yes1817 s
ComparativeDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra2026-10-05 00:00yes2343 s
ComparativeLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-10-05 01:39yes53 s
ComparativeQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-10-04 22:35yes1029 s
ComparativeKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-10-05 00:37yes1425 s
ComparativeGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-10-05 00:35yes2459 s
ComparativeMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-10-05 01:55yes1431 s
Budget constrainedClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-10-04 23:51yes97 s
Budget constrainedGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-10-05 00:51yes34 s
Budget constrainedGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-10-05 00:02yes1629 s
Budget constrainedPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-10-05 00:17yes254 s
Budget constrainedGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-10-05 00:24yes2210 s
Budget constrainedMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-10-04 23:54yes137 s
Budget constrainedDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra2026-10-05 01:11yes2259 s
Budget constrainedLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-10-04 23:49yes52 s
Budget constrainedQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-10-05 01:13yes1428 s
Budget constrainedKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-10-04 23:25yes1731 s
Budget constrainedGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-10-05 00:31yes22206 s
Budget constrainedMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-10-04 23:32yes923 s
Scale constrainedClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-10-05 01:17no06 s
Scale constrainedGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-10-04 23:51no09 s
Scale constrainedGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-10-05 00:00yes1332 s
Scale constrainedPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-10-05 01:19yes225 s
Scale constrainedGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-10-04 22:44yes138 s
Scale constrainedMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-10-04 22:19no09 s
Scale constrainedDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra2026-10-05 01:40yes2143 s
Scale constrainedLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-10-05 01:51yes52 s
Scale constrainedQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-10-04 23:34no030 s
Scale constrainedKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-10-04 23:17yes2128 s
Scale constrainedGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-10-04 22:45yes1672 s
Scale constrainedMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-10-05 01:03yes519 s
Negative framingClaude Haiku 4.5claude-haiku-4-5-202510012026-10-04 23:21yes179 s
Negative framingGPT-5.4 minigpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-172026-10-05 00:51yes34 s
Negative framingGemini 3.5 Flashgemini-3.5-flash2026-10-04 23:45yes2027 s
Negative framingPerplexity Sonarsonar2026-10-04 23:01yes164 s
Negative framingGrok 4.1 Fastspacexai/grok-4.1-fast-non-reasoning via vertex2026-10-04 22:55yes209 s
Negative framingMistral Smallmistral/mistral-small via mistral2026-10-05 00:43yes55 s
Negative framingDeepSeek V4 Flashdeepseek/deepseek-v4-flash via deepinfra2026-10-05 01:01yes2248 s
Negative framingLlama 4 Maverickmeta/llama-4-maverick via bedrock2026-10-04 22:52yes53 s
Negative framingQwen 3.7 Flashalibaba/qwen3.7-flash via alibaba2026-10-04 23:24no030 s
Negative framingKimi K2moonshotai/kimi-k2 via novita2026-10-05 00:46yes2329 s
Negative framingGLM 4.7 FlashXzai/glm-4.7-flashx via zai2026-10-05 00:29yes21218 s
Negative framingMiniMax M2.5minimax/minimax-m2.5 via minimax2026-10-05 00:04yes2535 s

Normalization in this category

Every judgment call made between the raw labels and the numbers above, listed so it is visible and reversible.

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Category-scoped readings
Informatica read as Informatica Intelligent Data Management Cloud
Informatica (Data Integration with Virtualization) read as Informatica Intelligent Data Management Cloud
Informatica (e.g., CLAIRE-powered data integration) read as Informatica Intelligent Data Management Cloud
Oracle read as Oracle Data Virtualization
TIBCO read as TIBCO Data Virtualization
TIBCO (TIBCO Data Virtualization) read as TIBCO Data Virtualization
Tibco read as TIBCO Data Virtualization
Unresolved, counted raw
AWS Database Migration Service / Amazon Athena (Federated Querying)
Actian
Actian PDW
Actifio Virtual Data Pipeline (VDP)
Apache Calcite
CA Technologies tools
Cinchy
CloverDX
Dremio
Dremio (Cloud)
Google Cloud BigQuery Omni
Google Cloud’s Data Fusion
IBM Cloud Pak for Data – Data Virtualization
IBM Watson Query
K2View Dynamic Data Virtualization
Microsoft Azure Analysis Services
Microsoft Azure Arc / SQL Server
Microsoft SQL Server PolyBase
Nexla
Oracle Data Service Integrator (ODSI)
Oracle Database Gateways
PostgreSQL Foreign Data Wrappers
Postgres foreign data wrappers
Prophecy
Qlik Replicate
SAP HANA Smart Data Integration (SDI)
Stratio Semantic Layer
TIBCO DV
Virtuoso Universal Server
Discontinued, still offered
No shut-down product was recommended here.
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